A download manager is a computer Polaroid Download Music Understand program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files Polaroid Download Music Understand from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at Polaroid Download Music Understand a minimum provides means to recover from Download Creative Webcam Software errors without losing the work already completed, and can optionally split the Polaroid Download Music Understand file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or more segments, which are then moved Polaroid Download Music Understand in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits Polaroid Download Music Understand of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving Polaroid Download Music Understand files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There Polaroid Download Music Understand are Polaroid Download Music Understand several things that some web browsers are not very good Polaroid Download Music Understand at. That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or Polaroid Download Music Understand paused downloads (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, Polaroid Download Music Understand etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic Polaroid Download Music Understand hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for Polaroid Download Music Understand mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to Polaroid Download Music Understand download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, Polaroid Download Music Understand when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. Polaroid Download Music Understand They can record which links the user clicks on during the day, and Polaroid Download Music Understand queue these files for later download. For broadband Polaroid Download Music Understand users, Polaroid Download Music Understand download managers can help download very large files by resuming Polaroid Download Music Understand broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the Polaroid Download Music Understand server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating Polaroid Download Music Understand them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file Polaroid Download Music Understand listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some Polaroid Download Music Understand downloaders are Polaroid Download Music Understand optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such Polaroid Download Music Understand as Go!Zilla, were among Polaroid Download Music Understand the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two Polaroid Download Music Understand other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as Polaroid Download Music Understand StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give that Polaroid Download Music Understand control to content distributors instead. Some software Stinger Download companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability Polaroid Download Music Understand and reduces Polaroid Download Music Understand tech support costs Polaroid Download Music Understand to them. A possible reason Polaroid Download Music Understand is increasing the control over redistribution of Polaroid Download Music Understand their software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Polaroid Download Music Understand Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of Polaroid Download Music Understand a "device Polaroid Download Music Understand or equipment" or of "a functional Polaroid Download Music Understand unit". To be considered on-line, a device Polaroid Download Music Understand must be Polaroid Download Music Understand at least Polaroid Download Music Understand one Polaroid Download Music Understand of:
"Under Polaroid Download Music Understand the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on Polaroid Download Music Understand demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is in Polaroid Download Music Understand operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line is Polaroid Download Music Understand not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or Polaroid Download Music Understand turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Polaroid Download Music Understand Microsoft Outlook. When it Polaroid Download Music Understand is "on-line" it will attempt to connect Polaroid Download Music Understand to mail Polaroid Download Music Understand servers (to check for new mail at Polaroid Download Music Understand regular intervals, for example), Polaroid Download Music Understand and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such Polaroid Download Music Understand connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, Polaroid Download Music Understand connected to Internet via a cable modem or an Polaroid Download Music Understand ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook to Polaroid Download Music Understand be off-line, so that it makes Polaroid Download Music Understand no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured Polaroid Download Music Understand to employ a Polaroid Download Music Understand dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), Polaroid Download Music Understand but the Polaroid Download Music Understand connection Polaroid Download Music Understand may be an expensive Polaroid Download Music Understand telephone call from the Polaroid Download Music Understand particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and Polaroid Download Music Understand the user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or Polaroid Download Music Understand 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A Polaroid Download Music Understand tape recorder, digital editor, or other device Polaroid Download Music Understand that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the Polaroid Download Music Understand control of the clock of a "synchronization master" Polaroid Download Music Understand device. When the sync master commences playback, the Polaroid Download Music Understand "on-line" device automatically Polaroid Download Music Understand synchronizes itself to the master and commences playing from the Polaroid Download Music Understand same Polaroid Download Music Understand point in the recording. Whereas Polaroid Download Music Understand a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock Polaroid Download Music Understand reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of Polaroid Download Music Understand devices are connected Polaroid Download Music Understand to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just Download Drivers For Hp the output of one single device, to take it off-line, Polaroid Download Music Understand because if the device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI Polaroid Download Music Understand timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
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A third Polaroid Download Music Understand example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch Polaroid Download Music Understand pages from servers whilst in Polaroid Download Music Understand the "on-line" Polaroid Download Music Understand state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is Polaroid Download Music Understand also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded Polaroid Download Music Understand implicitly into the web browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing Polaroid Download Music Understand by the user, Polaroid Download Music Understand or explicitly by the browser being configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or by Polaroid Download Music Understand checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. Polaroid Download Music Understand When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, Polaroid Download Music Understand they can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the Polaroid Download Music Understand pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer Polaroid Download Music Understand version 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, Polaroid Download Music Understand and the schedule Polaroid Download Music Understand on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" Polaroid Download Music Understand entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" Polaroid Download Music Understand was removed as Polaroid Download Music Understand a feature in the most recent Polaroid Download Music Understand version of Polaroid Download Music Understand Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing Polaroid Download Music Understand an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it Polaroid Download Music Understand is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized Polaroid Download Music Understand from Polaroid Download Music Understand computing Polaroid Download Music Understand and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. The Polaroid Download Music Understand distinction between what is considered "on-line" and Polaroid Download Music Understand what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication Polaroid Download Music Understand and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. Polaroid Download Music Understand "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. Polaroid Download Music Understand real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are Anonymous Surfing Download more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, Polaroid Download Music Understand such as Polaroid Download Music Understand being pen-pals. He also argues that Download New Realtek Audio Drivers Vista even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and Polaroid Download Music Understand mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone Polaroid Download Music Understand and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that Polaroid Download Music Understand was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the Polaroid Download Music Understand distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to Polaroid Download Music Understand assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced Polaroid Download Music Understand to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater Polaroid Download Music Understand legal status may be assigned to Polaroid Download Music Understand on-line Polaroid Download Music Understand relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are Polaroid Download Music Understand already seen as just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he Polaroid Download Music states it to be hard to imagine courts Polaroid Download Music Understand awarding palimony to people who have Polaroid Download Music Understand had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures Polaroid Download Music Understand that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen Polaroid Download Music Understand by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is Polaroid Download Music Understand seen as Polaroid Download Music Understand virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" Polaroid Download Music Understand activities, rather than Polaroid Download Music Understand (as per the conventions of the desktop Polaroid Download Music Understand metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The Polaroid Download Music Understand New Yorker Polaroid Download Music Understand have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before Polaroid Download Music Understand admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items are Polaroid Download Music Understand actual Polaroid Download Music Understand size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for Polaroid Download Music Understand it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
