Film is a term that encompasses Silmarillion Movie individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art Silmarillion Movie form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation Silmarillion Movie techniques or special effects.
Films are Silmarillion Movie cultural Silmarillion Movie artifacts created by Silmarillion Movie specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in Disney Movie Secrets turn, affect Silmarillion Movie them. Film Silmarillion Movie is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and Silmarillion Movie a powerful Silmarillion Movie method for educating Silmarillion Movie � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of Silmarillion Movie communication. Some films have become popular Silmarillion Movie worldwide attractions by Silmarillion Movie using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional Silmarillion Movie films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When Silmarillion Movie these images are shown Silmarillion Movie rapidly in succession, Silmarillion Movie a viewer has the illusion that Silmarillion Movie motion Silmarillion Movie is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due Silmarillion Movie to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains Silmarillion Movie a
The origin of the name "film" comes from Silmarillion Movie the Silmarillion Movie fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had Silmarillion Movie historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion Silmarillion Movie pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, Silmarillion Movie flick, and most Silmarillion Movie commonly, movie. Additional Silmarillion Movie terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in Silmarillion Movie motion were demonstrated Silmarillion Movie with devices such Silmarillion Movie as the zoetrope and Silmarillion Movie the praxinoscope. These machines were Silmarillion Movie outgrowths of simple optical devices Silmarillion Movie (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images Silmarillion Movie needed to be carefully designed to achieve Silmarillion Movie the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Silmarillion Movie Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Silmarillion Movie Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film Silmarillion Movie for still photography, Silmarillion Movie it became possible to directly capture objects in motion Silmarillion Movie in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures Silmarillion Movie which were Silmarillion Movie separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures Silmarillion Movie were Silmarillion Movie shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank Black Book Movie was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and Silmarillion Movie led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine Silmarillion Movie light through the processed and printed Silmarillion Movie film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for Silmarillion Movie an entire audience. These Silmarillion Movie reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion Silmarillion Movie pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial Silmarillion Movie motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films Silmarillion Movie had gained a hold on the public Silmarillion Movie imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes Silmarillion Movie together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in Silmarillion Movie silence, Silmarillion Movie theater owners Silmarillion Movie would hire a pianist or organist or a Silmarillion Movie full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film Silmarillion Movie scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Silmarillion Movie Le Voyage Silmarillion Movie dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) Silent Movie Stars (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I Silmarillion Movie while the film Silmarillion Movie industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, Silmarillion Movie European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the Silmarillion Movie contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance Silmarillion Movie the medium. In the 1920s, new technology Silmarillion Movie allowed filmmakers Silmarillion Movie to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music Silmarillion Movie and sound effects synchronized with Silmarillion Movie the action on the screen. Silmarillion Movie These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them Silmarillion Movie "talking pictures", or talkies.
The Silmarillion Movie next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly Silmarillion Movie eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective Silmarillion Movie to produce Silmarillion Movie "natural color" Silmarillion Movie films. The Silmarillion Movie public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the Silmarillion Movie end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to Silmarillion Movie attracting audiences in Silmarillion Movie its Silmarillion Movie competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until Silmarillion Movie the mid-1960s. Silmarillion Movie By the end of the 1960s, Silmarillion Movie col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production Silmarillion Movie and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave Silmarillion Movie and Movie Stars With Phobias the rise of Silmarillion Movie film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital Silmarillion Movie technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the Silmarillion Movie 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to Silmarillion Movie the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Silmarillion Movie Birth of the Silmarillion Movie Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, Silmarillion Movie led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how Silmarillion Movie film differed from reality, and thus could be Silmarillion Movie considered a valid fine art. Andre Silmarillion Movie Bazin reacted against this Silmarillion Movie theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in Silmarillion Movie its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis Silmarillion Movie and Ferdinand de Saussure's Silmarillion Movie semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film Silmarillion Movie criticism is the analysis Silmarillion Movie and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics Silmarillion Movie working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or Silmarillion Movie two to formulate opinions. Silmarillion Movie Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy Silmarillion Movie films tend not to be greatly affected by a Silmarillion Movie critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and Silmarillion Movie description of a film that makes up the majority of any film Silmarillion Movie review can still have an important impact on whether Silmarillion Movie people decide to see a film. For prestige Silmarillion Movie films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so Silmarillion Movie intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which Silmarillion Movie were harshly reviewed, as well as Silmarillion Movie the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that Silmarillion Movie extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have Silmarillion Movie been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to Silmarillion Movie give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning Silmarillion Movie of Silmarillion Movie the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public Silmarillion Movie that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are Silmarillion Movie those who take a more academic approach to films. This line Silmarillion Movie of work is more often known as film theory or film Silmarillion Movie studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on Silmarillion Movie people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in Silmarillion Movie scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The Silmarillion Movie making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost Silmarillion Movie as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres Silmarillion Movie quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit Silmarillion Movie the Silmarillion Movie first films privately to royalty and Silmarillion Movie publicly to the masses. In each country, Silmarillion Movie they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to Silmarillion Movie buy their Silmarillion Movie equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation Silmarillion Movie needed] was Silmarillion Movie the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed Silmarillion Movie the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters Silmarillion Movie and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film Silmarillion Movie industry is Silmarillion Movie centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in Silmarillion Movie many parts of Silmarillion Movie the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a Silmarillion Movie year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should Silmarillion Movie qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the Silmarillion Movie expense involved in making movies has led cinema Silmarillion Movie production to concentrate under the auspices of Silmarillion Movie movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have Silmarillion Movie large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Silmarillion Movie Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu Silmarillion Movie of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers Silmarillion Movie to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the Silmarillion Movie purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes Silmarillion Movie used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or Silmarillion Movie previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their Silmarillion Movie having originally been shown Silmarillion Movie at Silmarillion Movie the end of a film programme. That practice did not last Silmarillion Movie long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be Silmarillion Movie made with Silmarillion Movie a skeleton crew, often Silmarillion Movie paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes Silmarillion Movie place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, Silmarillion Movie and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that Silmarillion Movie range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American Silmarillion Movie studio system.
This production cycle Silmarillion Movie typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with Silmarillion Movie development. The second year Silmarillion Movie comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a Silmarillion Movie group of people hired by a Silmarillion Movie film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors Silmarillion Movie who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, Silmarillion Movie company representatives, their assistants, and Silmarillion Movie those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally Silmarillion Movie passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided Silmarillion Movie into departments with well defined Silmarillion Movie hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production Silmarillion Movie special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry Silmarillion Movie as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
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Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated Silmarillion Movie with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Silmarillion Movie Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion Silmarillion Movie pictures, but due to its flammability Silmarillion Movie was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel Silmarillion Movie have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though Silmarillion Movie 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s Silmarillion Movie and projected from 18 frame/s on up Silmarillion Movie (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced Silmarillion Movie in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for Silmarillion Movie the sound head. Silmarillion Movie 24 Silmarillion Movie frames per second was chosen because it was the Silmarillion Movie slowest (and thus cheapest) speed Silmarillion Movie which allowed for Silmarillion Movie sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late Cube Hypercube Movie 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing Silmarillion Movie them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" Silmarillion Movie to encase the camera, Silmarillion Movie the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and Silmarillion Movie lenses, allowing Silmarillion Movie directors to film in increasingly Silmarillion Movie dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed Silmarillion Movie as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of Silmarillion Movie the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As Silmarillion Movie a medium, Silmarillion Movie film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology Silmarillion Movie developed as the basis for photography. Silmarillion Movie It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, Silmarillion Movie historic films have problems in terms of preservation and Silmarillion Movie storage, and the motion picture industry Silmarillion Movie is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use Silmarillion Movie of separation masters � Silmarillion Movie three B&W negatives each Silmarillion Movie exposed through red, green, Silmarillion Movie or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Silmarillion Movie Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film Silmarillion Movie stock is a matter of concern to both film Silmarillion Movie historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing Silmarillion Movie products in order to make them available to future generations (and Silmarillion Movie thereby increase revenue). Silmarillion Movie Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color Silmarillion Movie films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, Silmarillion Movie assuming proper handling Silmarillion Movie and storage.
Some films Silmarillion Movie in recent decades have been recorded using analog video Silmarillion Movie technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial Silmarillion Movie to Silmarillion Movie moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration Silmarillion Movie is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Silmarillion Movie Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) Silmarillion Movie is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the Silmarillion Movie growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the Wild Things Movie costs Silmarillion Movie of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in Silmarillion Movie cast and crew. There is a trend Silmarillion Movie in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in Silmarillion Movie 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never Silmarillion Movie given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget Silmarillion Movie studio film unless he or Silmarillion Movie she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent Silmarillion Movie of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also Silmarillion Movie a hurdle to being able to produce, Silmarillion Movie direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm Silmarillion Movie film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, Silmarillion Movie and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early Silmarillion Movie 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Silmarillion Movie Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections Silmarillion Movie and non-linear editing system pro-level Silmarillion Movie software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Silmarillion Movie Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV Silmarillion Movie technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create Silmarillion Movie and edit the sound and music, and mix the Silmarillion Movie final cut on a home computer. However, Silmarillion Movie while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional Silmarillion Movie system. Most independent filmmakers rely on Silmarillion Movie film Silmarillion Movie festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival Silmarillion Movie of internet-based Silmarillion Movie video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in Silmarillion Movie ways Silmarillion Movie that are still to Silmarillion Movie be determined.
Open content Silmarillion Movie film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much Silmarillion Movie like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other Silmarillion Movie parties to create fan fiction or Silmarillion Movie derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A Silmarillion Movie fan film Silmarillion Movie is a film Silmarillion Movie or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than Silmarillion Movie by the source's copyright holders Silmarillion Movie or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or P2 The Movie as demonstration Silmarillion Movie reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer Silmarillion Movie graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and Silmarillion Movie then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames Silmarillion Movie are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed Silmarillion Movie of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on Silmarillion Movie a computer or Silmarillion Movie over the Internet.
Because animation is very Silmarillion Movie time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the Silmarillion Movie majority of animation for Silmarillion Movie TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at Silmarillion Movie least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a Silmarillion Movie single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the Silmarillion Movie professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using Silmarillion Movie "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and Silmarillion Movie adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there Silmarillion Movie is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Silmarillion Movie Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially Silmarillion Movie produced, a feature film is often Silmarillion Movie shown to audiences in a movie theater Silmarillion Movie or cinema. The first theater Silmarillion Movie designed exclusively Silmarillion Movie for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted Silmarillion Movie from existing facilities within a Silmarillion Movie few years.[5] In the Silmarillion Movie United States, these theaters Silmarillion Movie came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five Silmarillion Movie cents).
Typically, one Silmarillion Movie film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there Silmarillion Movie were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent Silmarillion Movie theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower Silmarillion Movie quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as Silmarillion Movie trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in Silmarillion Movie movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to Silmarillion Movie be Silmarillion Movie broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no Silmarillion Movie longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD Silmarillion Movie (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available Silmarillion Movie and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of Silmarillion Movie inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in Silmarillion Movie similar genres, and indeed, some films Silmarillion Movie that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to Silmarillion Movie keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less Silmarillion Movie than 8 weeks. Silmarillion Movie There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release Silmarillion Movie movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth Silmarillion Movie and reviews. According to a 2000 Silmarillion Movie study by ABN AMRO, about 26% Silmarillion Movie of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box Silmarillion Movie office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; Silmarillion Movie and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been Silmarillion Movie around for more than Silmarillion Movie a century, film is still Silmarillion Movie a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the Silmarillion Movie demise of local movie theaters. Despite Silmarillion Movie competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, Silmarillion Movie motion picture Silmarillion Movie cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films Silmarillion Movie for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted Silmarillion Movie the death of Silmarillion Movie the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital Silmarillion Movie DVD players, home theater Silmarillion Movie amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people Silmarillion Movie to Silmarillion Movie select and view films at home with greatly Silmarillion Movie improved Silmarillion Movie audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio Silmarillion Movie and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a Silmarillion Movie full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again Silmarillion Movie industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s Silmarillion Movie and moving towards digital screens, a new approach Silmarillion Movie which will allow Silmarillion Movie for easier and Silmarillion Movie quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give Silmarillion Movie local Silmarillion Movie theaters a reprieve from Silmarillion Movie their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from Silmarillion Movie home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at Silmarillion Movie near cinema quality. Silmarillion Movie Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering Silmarillion Movie of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by Silmarillion Movie the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or Dragon Ball Movie 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, Silmarillion Movie will offer a massive Flashpoint Movie resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor Silmarillion Movie to Silmarillion Movie these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the Silmarillion Movie rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge of online Silmarillion Movie piracy, 2007 Silmarillion Movie was a record year in film that showed the highest Silmarillion Movie ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to Silmarillion Movie suffer as Silmarillion Movie a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
