Film Movie Times And Locations Portland Me is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording Movie Times And Locations Portland Me images from the world Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Movie Cube with cameras, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific Movie Times And Locations Portland Me cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Film is considered Movie Times And Locations Portland Me to be an Movie Times And Locations Portland Me important art Richards Realm Movie Pages form, a source of popular entertainment Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating Movie Times And Locations Portland Me � Movie Times And Locations Portland Me citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of communication. Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Some films have Movie Times And Locations Portland Me become popular worldwide attractions by using Movie Times And Locations Portland Me dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an Movie Times And Locations Portland Me effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a Movie Times And Locations Portland Me
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me flick, and most commonly, Free Creampie Movie movie. Additional terms for Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the field Movie Times And Locations Portland Me in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing Movie Times And Locations Portland Me artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with Movie Times And Locations Portland Me devices such as Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the zoetrope Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and the praxinoscope. These Movie Times And Locations Portland Me machines were Movie Times And Locations Portland Me outgrowths of simple optical Movie Times And Locations Portland Me devices (such as magic Movie Times And Locations Portland Me lanterns) and would Movie Times And Locations Portland Me display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to Movie Times And Locations Portland Me appear to be Movie Times And Locations Portland Me moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Naturally, the images Movie Times And Locations Portland Me needed to be Movie Times And Locations Portland Me carefully Movie Times And Locations Portland Me designed to achieve the desired Movie Times And Locations Portland Me effect Movie Times And Locations Portland Me � and the underlying principle Movie Times And Locations Portland Me became the basis Movie Times And Locations Portland Me for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me world's earliest film, by Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of Movie Times And Locations Portland Me celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of the technology sometimes required a person to Movie Times And Locations Portland Me look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper Movie Times And Locations Portland Me prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on Movie Times And Locations Portland Me how rapidly the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture Movie Times And Locations Portland Me camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led Movie Times And Locations Portland Me quickly to the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Around the turn Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative Movie Times And Locations Portland Me structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of Movie Times And Locations Portland Me varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as Movie Times And Locations Portland Me camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on Movie Times And Locations Portland Me film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play Movie Times And Locations Portland Me music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for Movie Times And Locations Portland Me this purpose, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me with complete film Movie Times And Locations Portland Me scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Le Voyage Movie Times And Locations Portland Me dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an Movie Times And Locations Portland Me early Movie Times And Locations Portland Me narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers Movie Times And Locations Portland Me to attach to each film a Movie Times And Locations Portland Me soundtrack of speech, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me music and sound effects Movie Times And Locations Portland Me synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were Movie Times And Locations Portland Me initially distinguished by Movie Times And Locations Portland Me calling them Movie Times And Locations Portland Me "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step Movie Times And Locations Portland Me in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and theater musicians, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me color was Movie Times And Locations Portland Me adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies Movie Times And Locations Portland Me were filmed in color after Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the end of Movie Times And Locations Portland Me World War II, as Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the industry in America Movie Times And Locations Portland Me came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which Movie Times And Locations Portland Me remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of the 20th century. Digital technology Milf Movie Gallery has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st Movie Times And Locations Portland Me century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory Movie Times And Locations Portland Me by arguing Movie Times And Locations Portland Me that film's artistic Movie Times And Locations Portland Me essence Movie Times And Locations Portland Me lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to Movie Times And Locations Portland Me realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other Movie Times And Locations Portland Me things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly Movie Times And Locations Portland Me in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially Movie Times And Locations Portland Me those of certain Movie Times And Locations Portland Me genres. Mass Movie Times And Locations Portland Me marketed action, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a critic's overall Movie Times And Locations Portland Me judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a film that Movie Times And Locations Portland Me makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige Movie Times And Locations Portland Me films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The Movie Times And Locations Portland Me impact of a reviewer on Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a given film's box office performance is a Movie Times And Locations Portland Me matter of debate. Some Movie Times And Locations Portland Me claim Movie Times And Locations Portland Me that Movie Times And Locations Portland Me movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make Movie Times And Locations Portland Me an Movie Times And Locations Portland Me impact against it. Movie Times And Locations Portland Me However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have Movie Times And Locations Portland Me considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they Movie Times And Locations Portland Me refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid Movie Times And Locations Portland Me widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not Movie Times And Locations Portland Me be worth seeing and the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me films often do poorly as a Movie Times And Locations Portland Me result.
It is argued Movie Times And Locations Portland Me that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and Movie Times And Locations Portland Me true film critics are those who take Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a more academic approach to films. This line of work is Movie Times And Locations Portland Me more often known as film theory or film Movie Times And Locations Portland Me studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they Movie Times And Locations Portland Me have on people. Rather than having their works Movie Times And Locations Portland Me published in newspapers or appear on television, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me their articles are published in scholarly journals, or Movie Times And Locations Portland Me sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The Movie Times And Locations Portland Me making and showing of motion pictures became a Movie Times And Locations Portland Me source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the Lumieres Movie Times And Locations Portland Me quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they Movie Times And Locations Portland Me would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and, Jurassic Park Part Download Movie quickly Movie Times And Locations Portland Me enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever Movie Times And Locations Portland Me produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion Movie Times And Locations Portland Me pictures became a separate Movie Times And Locations Portland Me industry that overshadowed the vaudeville Movie Times And Locations Portland Me world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to Movie Times And Locations Portland Me produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Indian Movie Times And Locations Portland Me film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced Movie Times And Locations Portland Me by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved Movie Times And Locations Portland Me in Movie Times And Locations Portland Me making movies has led cinema Movie Times And Locations Portland Me production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances Movie Times And Locations Portland Me in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a key Movie Times And Locations Portland Me force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as Movie Times And Locations Portland Me "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly Movie Times And Locations Portland Me based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for Movie Times And Locations Portland Me educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance Movie Times And Locations Portland Me refers to a showing of Silent Movie a movie to a select audience, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me usually for the purposes of Movie Times And Locations Portland Me corporate promotions, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which Movie Times And Locations Portland Me if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. Movie Times And Locations Portland Me (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" Movie Times And Locations Portland Me comes Movie Times And Locations Portland Me from their having originally been shown at Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now Movie Times And Locations Portland Me shown before Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during Movie Times And Locations Portland Me filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film Movie Times And Locations Portland Me may be made with a skeleton crew, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes Movie Times And Locations Portland Me place Movie Times And Locations Portland Me all over the world using Movie Times And Locations Portland Me different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts Movie Times And Locations Portland Me that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year Movie Times And Locations Portland Me comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a group of people hired by a film Latest English Movie company, employed during the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me "production" or "photography" Movie Times And Locations Portland Me phase, for the purpose of producing a film or Movie Times And Locations Portland Me motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but Movie Times And Locations Portland Me is also distinct from Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me production staff, consisting of Movie Times And Locations Portland Me producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as Movie Times And Locations Portland Me writers and editors. Communication between production Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews Movie Times And Locations Portland Me are generally divided into departments with Movie Times And Locations Portland Me well defined hierarchies and standards for Last Of The Mohegans Movie Cast interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other Movie Times And Locations Portland Me than acting, the crew handles everything in Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production Movie Times And Locations Portland Me special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry Movie Times And Locations Portland Me as "craft services") are Movie Times And Locations Portland Me usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of Movie Times And Locations Portland Me film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film Movie Times And Locations Portland Me format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial Movie Times And Locations Portland Me films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 Movie Times And Locations Portland Me mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was Movie Times And Locations Portland Me shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a Movie Times And Locations Portland Me standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 Movie Times And Locations Portland Me frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s Movie Times And Locations Portland Me on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When Movie Times And Locations Portland Me sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus Movie Times And Locations Portland Me cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the late 19th Movie Times And Locations Portland Me century Movie Times And Locations Portland Me include the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me mechanization of cameras � allowing them to Movie Times And Locations Portland Me record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � Movie Times And Locations Portland Me allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to Movie Times And Locations Portland Me encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim Movie Times And Locations Portland Me conditions, and the development of synchronized Movie Times And Locations Portland Me sound, allowing sound to be recorded Movie Times And Locations Portland Me at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded Movie Times And Locations Portland Me separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not Movie Times And Locations Portland Me limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. Movie Times And Locations Portland Me It can be used to present a progressive sequence Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of still images in the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me form Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as Movie Times And Locations Portland Me primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion Movie Times And Locations Portland Me picture industry Movie Times And Locations Portland Me is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore Movie Times And Locations Portland Me films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term Movie Times And Locations Portland Me preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern Movie Times And Locations Portland Me to both film Movie Times And Locations Portland Me historians Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and archivists, and to companies interested Movie Times And Locations Portland Me in preserving Movie Times And Locations Portland Me their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is Movie Times And Locations Portland Me generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color Movie Times And Locations Portland Me films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films Movie Times And Locations Portland Me on safety bases Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition Movie Times And Locations Portland Me prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded Movie Times And Locations Portland Me using analog Movie Times And Locations Portland Me video technology Movie Times And Locations Portland Me similar Movie Times And Locations Portland Me to Movie Times And Locations Portland Me that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches Movie Times And Locations Portland Me are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock Movie Times And Locations Portland Me to be processed. Yet Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the migration is gradual, and as Movie Times And Locations Portland Me of 2005 most Movie Times And Locations Portland Me major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a Movie Times And Locations Portland Me major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also Movie Times And Locations Portland Me leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a trend in Hollywood Movie Times And Locations Portland Me towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in Movie Times And Locations Portland Me 1987).[2] A Movie Times And Locations Portland Me hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he Movie Times And Locations Portland Me or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me advent of Movie Times And Locations Portland Me digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is Movie Times And Locations Portland Me outpacing inflation: in 2002 Movie Times And Locations Portland Me alone, film negative costs Movie Times And Locations Portland Me were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production Movie Times And Locations Portland Me significantly. Both production and post-production Movie Times And Locations Portland Me costs have been significantly Movie Times And Locations Portland Me lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be Movie Times And Locations Portland Me installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making Movie Times And Locations Portland Me relatively inexpensive.
Since Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the introduction of DV technology, the means of production Movie Times And Locations Portland Me have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and edit the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me sound and music, and mix the final Movie Times And Locations Portland Me cut on Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a Movie Times And Locations Portland Me home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video Movie Times And Locations Portland Me outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film Movie Times And Locations Portland Me making landscape in ways Movie Times And Locations Portland Me that are Movie Times And Locations Portland Me still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An Movie Times And Locations Portland Me open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan Movie Times And Locations Portland Me fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place Movie Times And Locations Portland Me outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Movie Times And Locations Portland Me Fan film
A fan film is a Movie Times And Locations Portland Me film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than Movie Times And Locations Portland Me by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable Movie Times And Locations Portland Me films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion Movie Times And Locations Portland Me pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film Movie Times And Locations Portland Me is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by Movie Times And Locations Portland Me photographing a drawn image, or Movie Times And Locations Portland Me by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. Movie Times And Locations Portland Me When the frames are strung Movie Times And Locations Portland Me together and the resulting Movie Times And Locations Portland Me film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the Movie Times And Locations Portland Me persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be Movie Times And Locations Portland Me viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and movies comes from professional animation Movie Times And Locations Portland Me studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the 1950s, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me with animation Movie Times And Locations Portland Me being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This Movie Times And Locations Portland Me method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using Movie Times And Locations Portland Me digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific Movie Times And Locations Portland Me style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made Movie Times And Locations Portland Me famous by Movie Times And Locations Portland Me moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn Movie Times And Locations Portland Me directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a feature film is Movie Times And Locations Portland Me often shown to audiences in a movie theater or Movie Times And Locations Portland Me cinema. The first Movie Times And Locations Portland Me theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built Movie Times And Locations Portland Me or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before Movie Times And Locations Portland Me the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high Movie Times And Locations Portland Me quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and Movie Times And Locations Portland Me a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown Movie Times And Locations Portland Me before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies Movie Times And Locations Portland Me and Movie Times And Locations Portland Me paid |
