musical material, or composition, as held Discount Canadian Music Cd in western classical music. Even when music is notated precisely, there Discount Canadian Music Cd are still many decisions that a performer has to make. Discount Canadian Music Cd The process of a performer deciding how to perform music that has been previously composed and notated is termed interpretation.
Different performers' interpretations of the same music can vary widely. Composers and song writers who present their own music are interpreting, Discount Canadian Music Cd just as much as those who perform the music of others or folk music. The standard body of choices and techniques present at Discount Canadian Music Cd a given time and a given Discount Canadian Music Cd place is referred to as performance Discount Canadian Music Cd practice, where as interpretation is Discount Canadian Music Cd generally used to mean either individual choices of a performer, or an aspect of music which is not Discount Canadian Music Cd clear, and therefore has a "standard" interpretation.
In some musical genres, such as jazz and blues, even more freedom Discount Canadian Music Cd is given to the performer to engage in improvisation on a basic melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic framework. The Discount Canadian Music Cd greatest latitude is given to the performer in Discount Canadian Music Cd a style of performing called free improvisation, which Discount Canadian Music Cd is material that is spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while Discount Canadian Music Cd being performed, not preconceived. According to the analysis of Georgiana Costescu,[citation needed] improvised music usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and even "fully composed" includes some freely chosen material. Composition does not always mean the use of notation, or the known sole Discount Canadian Music Cd authorship of one individual.
Music can also Discount Canadian Music Cd be determined by describing a "process" Discount Canadian Music Cd which may create musical sounds; examples of this range from wind chimes, through computer Discount Canadian Music Cd programs which select sounds. Music which contains elements selected by chance is called Aleatoric music, and is associated with such composers as John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Discount Canadian Music Cd Witold Lutoslawski.
Musical composition is a Discount Canadian Music Cd term that describes the composition of a piece of music. Methods of composition vary widely from one composer to another, however in analysing music Discount Canadian Music Cd all forms � spontaneous, trained, or untrained � are built from elements comprising a musical piece. Music Discount Canadian Music Cd can be composed Discount Canadian Music Cd for Discount Canadian Music Cd repeated performance or it Discount Canadian Music Cd can be improvised: composed on the spot. The music can be performed Discount Canadian Music Cd entirely from memory, from a written system of musical notation, or some combination of both. Study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods and practice of Western classical music, but the definition Discount Canadian Music Cd of composition is broad enough to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz performers and African drummers.
What is important in understanding the composition of a piece is singling out its elements. An understanding of music's formal elements can be helpful in deciphering exactly Discount Canadian Music Cd how a piece is constructed. A universal element of music is how sounds occur in time, which is referred to as the rhythm of a piece of music.
When a piece appears to have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in rubato Discount Canadian Music Cd time, an Italian expression that indicates that the tempo of the piece changes to suit the expressive intent of the performer. Even random placement of random sounds, which occurs in musical montage, occurs within some kind of time, and thus employs time as a musical element.
|
Notation is the written expression of music notes and rhythms on paper using symbols. When Discount Canadian Music Cd music is written Discount Canadian Music Cd down, the pitches and rhythm of the music is notated, along with instructions Discount Canadian Music Cd on how to perform the music. The study of how to read notation involves music theory, harmony, the study of performance Discount Canadian Music Cd practice, and in some cases an understanding of historical performance methods.
Written Discount Canadian Music Cd notation varies with style and period of music. In Western Art music, the most common types of written notation are scores, which include all the music Discount Canadian Music Cd parts of Discount Canadian Music Cd an ensemble piece, and parts, which are the music notation for the individual performers or singers. In popular music, Discount Canadian Music Cd jazz, and Discount Canadian Music Cd blues, the standard musical notation is Discount Canadian Music Cd the lead sheet, which notates the melody, chords, Discount Canadian Music Cd lyrics (if it is Discount Canadian Music Cd a vocal piece), and structure of the music. Discount Canadian Music Cd Scores Discount Canadian Music Cd and parts Discount Canadian Music Cd are also used in popular music and jazz, particularly in large ensembles such as jazz Discount Canadian Music Cd "big bands."
In popular music, guitarists and electric bass players Discount Canadian Music Cd often read Discount Canadian Music Cd music notated in Discount Canadian Music Cd tablature, which indicates the Discount Canadian Music Cd location of the notes to be played on the instrument using a Discount Canadian Music Cd diagram of the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also used in the Baroque era to notate music for the lute, Discount Canadian Music Cd a stringed, fretted instrument.
Notated music is produced as sheet music. To perform music from notation requires an understanding Discount Canadian Music Cd of both Discount Canadian Music Cd the musical style and the performance practice that is associated Discount Canadian Music Cd with Discount Canadian Music Cd a piece of Discount Canadian Music Cd music or genre.
Improvisation is the creation of spontaneous music. Improvisation is often considered an act of Discount Canadian Music Cd instantaneous composition by Discount Canadian Music Cd composers, where Discount Canadian Music Cd compositional techniques are Discount Canadian Music Cd employed with or without preparation.
Music theory encompasses the nature and mechanics of music. It often involves identifying patterns that govern Discount Canadian Music Cd composers' techniques. In a more detailed sense, music theory (in the western system) also distills and analyzes the elements of music � rhythm, harmony (harmonic function), melody, structure, and texture. People who study these properties are Discount Canadian Music Cd known as music theorists.
The Discount Canadian Music Cd field of music cognition involves the study Discount Canadian Music Cd of many aspects of music including Discount Canadian Music Cd how it is processed by listeners. Rather than accepting the standard practices of analyzing, composing, and performing music as a given, much research in music cognition seeks instead to uncover the mental Discount Canadian Music Cd processes that underlie these practices. Also, research in the field seeks to uncover commonalities between the musical traditions of disparate cultures and possible cognitive "constraints" that limit these musical systems. Questions Discount Canadian Music Cd regarding musical innateness, and emotional responses to music are also major areas of research in the field.
|
Deaf people can experience Discount Canadian Music Cd music by feeling the vibrations in their body, a process which can Discount Canadian Music Cd be enhanced if the individual holds a resonant, hollow object. A well-known deaf musician is the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, Discount Canadian Music Cd who composed many famous works even after he had completely lost Discount Canadian Music Cd his hearing. Discount Canadian Music Cd Recent examples of deaf musicians include Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed percussionist Discount Canadian Music Cd who has been deaf since age twelve, and Chris Buck, a virtuoso violinist who has lost his hearing. Discount Canadian Music Cd This is relevant because it indicates that music is a deeper cognitive process than unexamined phrases such as, "pleasing to Discount Canadian Music Cd the ear" would suggest. Much research Discount Canadian Music Cd in music cognition seeks to uncover these complex mental processes involved in listening to music, Discount Canadian Music Cd which may seem intuitively Discount Canadian Music Cd simple, yet are vastly intricate and complex.The music that composers make can be heard Discount Canadian Music Cd through several media; the most traditional way is Discount Canadian Music Cd to hear it live, in the presence, or as one of the musicians. Live music can also Discount Canadian Music Cd be broadcast over the radio, television or the internet. Some musical styles focus on producing a Discount Canadian Music Cd sound for a Discount Canadian Music Cd performance, while others focus on producing a recording Discount Canadian Music Cd which mixes together sounds which were never played "live". Recording, even of styles which Discount Canadian Music Cd are essentially live, often uses the ability to edit and Discount Canadian Music Cd splice to produce recordings which are considered better than Discount Canadian Music Cd the actual performance.
As talking pictures emerged in the early 20th century, with their Discount Canadian Music Cd prerecorded musical tracks, an increasing number of Discount Canadian Music Cd moviehouse orchestra musicians found themselves out of work.[6] During the Discount Canadian Music Cd 1920s live musical performances by Discount Canadian Music Cd orchestras, pianists, Discount Canadian Music Cd and theater organists were common at first-run theaters[7] With the coming of the talking motion pictures, those Discount Canadian Music Cd featured performances were largely eliminated. The AFM took out newspaper advertisements protesting the Discount Canadian Music Cd replacement Discount Canadian Music Cd of live musicians Discount Canadian Music Cd with mechanical playing devices. One Discount Canadian Music Cd 1929 ad that appeared in the Pittsburgh Press features an image of a can labeled "Canned Discount Canadian Music Cd Music / Big Noise Brand Discount Canadian Music Cd / Guaranteed to Produce No Intellectual or Emotional Reaction Whatever"
Since legislation introduced to help protect performers, composers, Discount Canadian Music Cd publishers and Discount Canadian Music Cd producers, including the Audio Home Recording Act Discount Canadian Music Cd of 1992 in the United States, and the 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have also become more accessible through computers, devices and internet in a form that is commonly known as music-on-demand.
In many Discount Canadian Music Cd cultures, there is less distinction between performing and listening to music, since virtually everyone is involved in some sort of musical activity, often communal. In industrialised Discount Canadian Music Cd countries, listening to music Discount Canadian Music Cd through a recorded form, such as Discount Canadian Music Cd sound recording or watching a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the 20th century.
|
Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded Discount Canadian Music Cd sounds. Discount Canadian Music Cd For example, a DJ uses disc records Discount Canadian Music Cd for scratching, and some Discount Canadian Music Cd 20th-century works have a solo for an instrument Discount Canadian Music Cd or voice that is performed along with music that is prerecorded onto a tape. Computers and many keyboards can be programmed to produce and play MIDI music. Audiences can Discount Canadian Music Cd also become performers by participating in Karaoke, an activity of Discount Canadian Music Cd Japanese origin which centres around a Discount Canadian Music Cd device that plays voice-eliminated versions of well-known songs. Most karaoke machines also Discount Canadian Music Cd have video screens that show lyrics to songs being Discount Canadian Music Cd performed; Discount Canadian Music Cd performers can follow the lyrics as they sing over the instrumental tracks.
The Discount Canadian Music Cd advent of the Discount Canadian Music Cd Internet has transformed the experience of music, partly through the increased ease of access Discount Canadian Music Cd to Discount Canadian Music Cd music and the increased choice. Chris Anderson, in his book The Long Tail: Why Discount Canadian Music Cd the future of business is selling less of Discount Canadian Music Cd more, suggests Discount Canadian Music Cd that while the economic model of supply and demand describes scarcity, the Internet retail model is Discount Canadian Music Cd based on abundance. Digital storage costs are low, so a company can afford to make its whole inventory available online, Discount Canadian Music Cd giving customers as much choice as possible. It has thus become economically viable to Discount Canadian Music Cd offer products Discount Canadian Music Cd that very few people are interested in. Consumers' growing awareness of Discount Canadian Music Cd their increased choice results in a closer association between listening tastes and social identity, and the creation of thousands of niche markets.
Another effect of the Internet arises with online communities like Youtube and Myspace. Myspace has made social networking with other musicians easier, Discount Canadian Music Cd and greatly facilitates the distribution of Discount Canadian Music Cd one's music. Youtube also has a large community of both amateur Discount Canadian Music Cd and professional Discount Canadian Music Cd musicians who post videos and comments. Professional musicians also use Youtube as a free Discount Canadian Music Cd publisher of promotional material.
Youtube users, for example, Discount Canadian Music Cd no longer only download and listen to mp3s, but also actively create their Discount Canadian Music Cd own. Discount Canadian Music Cd According to Tapscott and Williams, there has been a shift from a traditional consumer role to what they call a "prosumer" role, a consumer Discount Canadian Music Cd who both creates and consumes. Manifestations of this in music Discount Canadian Music Cd include the production of mashes, remixes, and music videos by fans. |
