| An employer is a person or institution that hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages or a salary to Job Description For Bagger the workers in exchange Job Description For Bagger for Job Description For Bagger the worker's labor power, depending upon whether the employee is paid by the Job Description For Bagger hour or a set rate Job Description For Bagger per Job Description For Bagger pay period. A salaried employee is typically not paid more for more hours worked than the Job Description For Bagger minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, Job Description For Bagger including Job Description For Bagger overtime.
Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments and businesses which Job Description For Bagger may Job Description For Bagger hire many thousands of employees. In most western societies governments are the largest single employers, but most of the work force is employed in small and medium businesses in the Job Description For Bagger private sector.
Note that although employees may contribute to the evolution of an an enterprise, the employer maintains autonomous control over Job Description For Bagger the productive base of land and capital, and is the entity named in contracts. The employer typically also maintains ownership Job Description For Bagger of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment and as a function thereof. These are known as "works for hire".
An employers� relative Job Description For Bagger level of power over employees is dependent upon numerous factors; the most influential being the nature of the employment relationship. The relationship employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors � Job Description For Bagger interests, control and motivation. It is up to employers to effectively manage and balance these factors Job Description For Bagger to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
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The balance of economic efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate in the Job Description For Bagger field of employment relations. By meeting Job Description For Bagger the needs of the employer; generating Job Description For Bagger profits to Job Description For Bagger establish Job Description For Bagger and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee and creating social equity that benefits the worker so that he/she can fund and enjoy healthy living; proves Job Description For Bagger to be a continuous Job Description For Bagger revolving issue in westernised societies.
Globalisation has effected these issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or allow various employment Job Description For Bagger issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalisation and summarizes the four Job Description For Bagger major points of concern that effect employment relations: (1) International competition, from the newly Job Description For Bagger industrialized countries, will Job Description For Bagger cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled workers in industrialized countries. Imports Job Description For Bagger from low-wage countries exert pressure on the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and Job Description For Bagger foreign Job Description For Bagger direct investment (FDI) Job Description For Bagger is attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization Job Description For Bagger will result Job Description For Bagger in unemployment and wage inequality in developing countries. This happens as job losses in un-competitive industries outstrip job Job Description For Bagger opportunities in new industries. Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a global labour Job Description For Bagger market Job Description For Bagger results in a �race to the bottom�. Increased international competition creates a pressure Job Description For Bagger to reduce the wages and conditions of workers. Globalization reduces the autonomy of Job Description For Bagger the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and the ability of the state Job Description For Bagger to regulate economic activity is reduced.
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What also result�s to Lee�s (1996) findings is that Job Description For Bagger in industrialized countries an average of almost 70 per cent of workers are employed in the service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As Job Description For Bagger a result workers are either forced to become more skilled an develop sought after trades or become of this sector. Ultimately this is a result Job Description For Bagger of changes and trends of employment, an evolving workforce and globalisation that is represented by a more skilled Job Description For Bagger and Job Description For Bagger increasing highly diverse labour force, that are growing in non Job Description For Bagger standard forms of employment
Interests Job Description For Bagger can Job Description For Bagger be best described Job Description For Bagger as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of profits. It covers facets such as labour productivity, wages and the effect of financial markets on Job Description For Bagger businesses.
Wood et al (2004, p Job Description For Bagger 355) describe control can as being either Job Description For Bagger output focused, focusing on Job Description For Bagger desired targets with within managers defining, and using, their own methods for reaching targets, or Job Description For Bagger process controls, which specify the manner in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Thus employers must Job Description For Bagger balance interests such as decreasing wage constraints with a maximization Job Description For Bagger of labour productivity in order to achieve a prolific employment relationship.
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Motivation is the third and most difficult of the factors in the employment relationship for employers to effectively manage. Employee motivation can often be in direct Job Description For Bagger conflict with control Job Description For Bagger mechanisms of employers, and can be Job Description For Bagger broadly defined as that which energizes, Job Description For Bagger directs Job Description For Bagger and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, Job Description For Bagger p 213) further elaborates on this, noting motivation as �something that moves a person to action, Job Description For Bagger and Job Description For Bagger continues him in the course of action already initiated.�
The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, Job Description For Bagger as all three facets Job Description For Bagger are often in direct competition with each other, with interests, control and motivation often clashing in Job Description For Bagger the equally important quest for individual employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits. |
