musical material, or composition, as held in western classical music. Even when music is Free Viet Namese Music notated precisely, there are still many decisions that Free Viet Namese Music a performer has to make. The Free Viet Namese Music process of a Free Viet Namese Music performer deciding how to perform music that has been previously composed and notated is termed interpretation.
Different performers' interpretations of the same music can vary widely. Composers and Free Viet Namese Music song writers Free Viet Namese Music who present their own music are Free Viet Namese Music interpreting, just as much Free Viet Namese Music as those Free Viet Namese Music who perform the music of Free Viet Namese Music others or folk music. The standard body of choices and techniques present at a given time and a given place is referred Free Viet Namese Music to as performance practice, where as interpretation is generally used to mean either individual choices of a performer, Free Viet Namese Music or an aspect of music which Free Viet Namese Music is not clear, and therefore has a "standard" Free Viet Namese Music interpretation.
In some musical genres, such as jazz and blues, even more freedom is given to the performer to engage in Free Viet Namese Music improvisation on a Free Viet Namese Music basic melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic framework. The greatest latitude is given to the performer in a style of performing called free improvisation, which is material that is spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while being performed, not Free Viet Namese Music preconceived. According to the analysis of Georgiana Costescu,[citation needed] improvised music Free Viet Namese Music usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and even Philosophy Of Music Nietzsche "fully composed" Middle East Music Publishing Company Structure includes some freely chosen material. Composition does not always mean the use of notation, or the known Free Viet Namese Music sole authorship of one individual.
Music can also be determined by describing a "process" which may create musical sounds; examples of this range from wind chimes, through computer programs which select sounds. Music which contains Free Viet Namese Music elements selected by chance is called Aleatoric music, and is associated with such composers as John Cage, Free Viet Namese Music Morton Feldman, and Free Viet Namese Music Witold Lutoslawski.
Musical composition is a term that describes the composition of Free Viet Namese Music a piece of music. Methods of composition vary widely from one composer to another, however in analysing music Free Viet Namese Music all forms � spontaneous, trained, Free Viet Namese Music or untrained � are built from elements comprising a musical piece. Music can be composed for repeated performance or it can be Free Viet Namese Music improvised: composed on the spot. The music can be performed entirely from memory, Free Viet Namese Music from a written system of musical notation, or some combination of both. Study Free Viet Namese Music of composition has traditionally been dominated Free Viet Namese Music by examination of methods and practice of Free Viet Namese Music Western classical music, but the definition of composition is broad enough to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz performers and African drummers.
What is important Free Viet Namese Music in understanding the composition of a piece is Free Viet Namese Music singling out its elements. Free Viet Namese Music An understanding of music's formal elements can be helpful in deciphering exactly how a piece is constructed. A universal element of music is how sounds occur in time, which is referred to as the rhythm Free Viet Namese Music of a piece of music.
When Free Viet Namese Music a piece appears to have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in Free Viet Namese Music rubato time, an Free Viet Namese Music Italian expression that indicates that the Free Viet Namese Music tempo of the piece changes Free Viet Namese Music to suit the Free Viet Namese Music expressive intent of the performer. Even random placement of random sounds, which occurs in musical montage, Free Viet Namese Music occurs within some kind Free Viet Namese Music of time, and Free Viet Namese Music thus employs time as a musical element.
Notation is the written expression of music notes and rhythms on paper using symbols. When music is written down, the pitches and rhythm Free Viet Namese Music of the music is notated, along with instructions on how to perform the music. The study of how to read notation involves music theory, harmony, the study of performance practice, and in some cases an understanding of historical performance methods.
Written notation varies with Free Viet Namese Music style and period of music. In Western Art music, Free Viet Namese Music the most common types of written notation are Free Viet Namese Music scores, Free Viet Namese Music which include all the music parts of an ensemble piece, and parts, which are the music notation for the individual performers or singers. In popular music, jazz, and blues, the standard musical notation is the lead sheet, which notates the melody, chords, lyrics (if it is a vocal piece), and structure of the music. Scores and parts Free Viet Namese Music are also used in popular music and jazz, particularly in large ensembles such as jazz Program Information Herman Music Jerry "big bands."
In Free Viet Namese Music popular music, guitarists and electric bass players Free Viet Namese Music often read music notated in tablature, which indicates the location of the notes to be played on the instrument using a diagram of the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature Free Viet Namese Music was also used in the Baroque era Free Viet Namese Music to notate music for Free Viet Namese Music the lute, a stringed, fretted instrument.
Notated music is produced as sheet Free Viet Namese Music music. To perform music from notation requires an understanding of both Free Viet Namese Music the musical style and the performance practice that is associated with a piece Free Viet Namese Music of music Free Viet Namese Music or genre.
Improvisation is the creation of spontaneous music. Improvisation is often Free Viet Namese Music considered an act of instantaneous composition by composers, Free Viet Namese Music where compositional techniques are employed with or without preparation.
Music theory encompasses the nature and mechanics of music. It often involves identifying patterns that govern composers' Free Viet Namese Music techniques. In a more detailed sense, music theory (in the western Free Viet Namese Music system) also distills Free Viet Namese Music and analyzes the elements of music � Free Viet Namese Music rhythm, Free Viet Namese Music harmony (harmonic function), melody, Free Viet Namese Music structure, and texture. People who study these properties are known as music theorists.
The field of music cognition involves the study of many aspects of music including how it is processed by listeners. Rather than accepting the standard Free Viet Namese Music practices of analyzing, composing, and performing Free Viet Namese Music music as a given, much research in music Free Viet Namese Music cognition seeks instead to uncover the mental processes that underlie these practices. Also, research in the field seeks to uncover commonalities between the musical traditions of disparate cultures and possible cognitive "constraints" that limit these musical systems. Questions regarding musical innateness, Free Viet Namese Music and Free Viet Namese Music emotional responses to music are also major areas of research in the field.
Deaf people Free Viet Namese Music can experience music by feeling the vibrations in their body, a process which can be enhanced if the Free Viet Namese Music individual holds a resonant, hollow Free Viet Namese Music object. A well-known deaf musician is the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous works even after Free Viet Namese Music he had completely lost his hearing. Recent examples of deaf musicians Free Viet Namese Music include Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed Free Viet Namese Music percussionist who has been deaf since age twelve, and Free Viet Namese Music Chris Buck, a virtuoso violinist who has lost his hearing. Personalized Music This is relevant because it indicates that music is a deeper cognitive process than unexamined phrases such as, Free Viet Namese Music "pleasing to Free Viet Namese Music the ear" would suggest. Much research in music cognition seeks to uncover these complex mental processes involved in listening to music, which may seem intuitively Free Viet Namese Music simple, yet are vastly intricate and complex.The music that composers make can be heard through several media; Free Viet Namese Music the most traditional way is to hear it live, in the presence, or as one of the musicians. Live music can also Free Viet Namese Music be broadcast over Free Viet Namese Music the radio, television or the internet. Some musical styles focus on producing a sound for Free Viet Namese Music a performance, while Persian Music Channel others focus on producing a recording which mixes together sounds which were never played "live". Recording, even of styles which are essentially live, often uses the ability to edit and splice to produce recordings which are considered better than the actual performance.
As talking pictures emerged in the early Free Viet Namese Music 20th century, with their Free Viet Namese Music prerecorded Free Viet Namese Music musical tracks, an increasing number of moviehouse orchestra Free Viet Namese Music musicians found themselves out of work.[6] During the 1920s live musical performances by Free Viet Namese Music orchestras, pianists, and theater organists were common at first-run theaters[7] With the coming of the talking motion Free Viet Namese Music pictures, those featured performances were largely eliminated. The AFM took out newspaper advertisements protesting the replacement of live musicians with Free Viet Namese Music mechanical playing devices. One 1929 Free Viet Namese Music ad that appeared in the Pittsburgh Press features an image of a can labeled "Canned Music / Big Noise Brand / Free Viet Namese Music Guaranteed to Produce No Intellectual or Emotional Reaction Whatever"
Since legislation introduced to help protect performers, composers, publishers and producers, including the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 in the United States, and Free Viet Namese Music the Free Viet Namese Music 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have also become more accessible through computers, Free Viet Namese Music devices and internet in a form that is commonly known as music-on-demand.
In many cultures, Free Viet Namese Music there is less distinction Free Viet Namese Music between performing and listening to music, since virtually Free Viet Namese Music everyone is involved in some sort of musical activity, often communal. In industrialised countries, listening to music through a recorded Free Viet Namese Music form, such as Free Viet Namese Music sound recording or watching a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in Free Viet Namese Music the middle of the 20th century.
Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. Free Viet Namese Music For example, a DJ uses disc records for scratching, and some 20th-century works have a solo Free Viet Namese Music for Colony Music an Free Viet Namese Music instrument or voice that is performed along with music Free Viet Namese Music that Free Viet Namese Music is prerecorded onto a tape. Computers Free Viet Namese Music and many keyboards can be programmed to produce and play MIDI Free Viet Namese Music music. Audiences can also become performers by participating in Karaoke, an activity of Japanese origin which centres around Free Viet Namese Music a device that plays voice-eliminated versions of well-known songs. Most karaoke machines also have video screens that show lyrics to songs being performed; performers can Free Viet Namese Music follow the lyrics as they sing over the instrumental tracks.
The advent of Free Viet Namese Music the Internet has transformed Free Viet Namese Music the experience of Free Viet Namese Music music, partly through the increased ease Free Viet Namese Music of access Free Viet Namese Music to music and the increased Free Viet Namese Music choice. Chris Anderson, in his book The Long Tail: Why the future of business is selling less of Free Viet Namese Music more, Free Viet Namese Music suggests that while the economic model of supply and demand describes scarcity, the Internet retail Free Viet Namese Music model is based on abundance. Digital storage costs are Free Viet Namese Music low, so a Free Viet Namese Music company can afford Free Viet Namese Music to make its whole inventory available online, giving customers as much choice as possible. It has thus become economically viable to offer products that very few people Free Viet Namese Music are interested in. Consumers' growing Free Viet Namese Music awareness of their increased choice results in a closer association between listening tastes and social identity, and the creation of thousands of niche markets.
Another effect of the Internet arises with Free Viet Namese Music online communities like Youtube and Myspace. Myspace has made social networking with other musicians easier, and greatly facilitates the distribution of Free Viet Namese Music one's music. Youtube also has Free Viet Namese Music a large community of both amateur and Free Viet Namese Music professional musicians who post videos and comments. Professional Free Viet Namese Music musicians Free Viet Namese Music also use Youtube as a free Free Viet Namese Music publisher of promotional material.
Youtube users, for example, no longer only download Free Viet Namese Music and Free Viet Namese Music listen to mp3s, but also actively create their own. According to Tapscott and Williams, there has been a shift from a traditional consumer role to what Free Viet Namese Music they Free Viet Namese Music call a "prosumer" role, a consumer who both creates and consumes. Manifestations of this in music Free Viet Namese Music include the production of mashes, remixes, and music videos Free Viet Namese Music by fans. |
