musical material, or Free Listable Music composition, as held in western classical Potty Music Video music. Potty Music Video Even when music Potty Music Video is notated precisely, there are still many decisions that a performer has to make. The process of a performer deciding how to perform music that has been previously composed Potty Music Video and notated is termed interpretation.
Different performers' interpretations of the same music can vary widely. Composers Potty Music Video and Potty Music Video song writers who present their own music are interpreting, Potty Music Video just as much as Potty Music Video those who perform the music of others or folk music. The standard body of choices and techniques present at a given time and Potty Music Video a given place Potty Music Video is referred to as performance practice, where as interpretation is generally used to mean either individual choices Potty Music Video of a performer, or an aspect of music Potty Music Video which is not clear, and therefore has a "standard" interpretation.
In some musical genres, Potty Music Video such as jazz and blues, even more freedom is given to the performer to engage in improvisation on a basic melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic framework. Potty Music Video The greatest latitude is given to the performer in a style of performing called free improvisation, which is material that Potty Music Video is spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while being performed, not preconceived. According to the analysis of Georgiana Costescu,[citation needed] improvised Potty Music Video music usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and Potty Music Video even "fully composed" includes some freely chosen material. Composition does not always mean the use of notation, or Potty Music Video the known sole authorship of one individual.
Music can also be Potty Music Video determined by Potty Music Video describing Potty Music Video a "process" which may create musical sounds; examples of this range from wind chimes, through computer programs which select sounds. Music which contains elements selected by chance is called Aleatoric music, and is associated Potty Music Video with such composers as Potty Music Video John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutoslawski.
Musical composition is a term that describes the composition of a piece of Potty Music Video music. Methods of composition vary widely from one composer to another, however in analysing music all forms � spontaneous, trained, or untrained � are built from elements comprising a musical piece. Music can be composed for repeated performance or Potty Music Video it can be improvised: composed on the spot. The music Potty Music Video can be performed entirely from memory, from a written system of musical notation, or some combination of both. Study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods and practice of Western classical music, but Potty Music Video the definition of composition is broad Potty Music Video enough to include spontaneously improvised works Potty Music Video like those of free jazz performers and Music Theory Circle Of Fifths African Potty Music Video drummers.
What is important in understanding the composition of a piece is singling out its elements. An understanding of music's formal elements can be helpful Potty Music Video in deciphering exactly how a piece is Potty Music Video constructed. A universal element of music is how sounds occur Potty Music Video in time, which is Potty Music Video referred to as the rhythm of a piece of music.
When a piece appears to have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in rubato time, an Italian Potty Music Video expression that indicates Potty Music Video that the Potty Music Video tempo of the piece changes to suit the expressive intent of the Potty Music Video performer. Potty Music Video Even Potty Music Video random placement Potty Music Video of Potty Music Video random sounds, which occurs in musical montage, occurs within some kind of time, Potty Music Video and thus employs time as a musical element.
Notation is the written expression of music notes and rhythms on paper using symbols. When music is written down, the pitches and rhythm of the music is notated, along with instructions on Potty Music Video how to perform the music. The Potty Music Video study of how to read Potty Music Video notation involves music theory, harmony, the study of performance practice, and in some cases Potty Music Video an understanding of historical Potty Music Video performance methods.
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Written notation varies with style and period of music. In Western Art music, the Potty Music Video most common types of written notation are scores, which include all the music parts of an ensemble Potty Music Video piece, and parts, which are Potty Music Video the music Potty Music Video notation for Potty Music Video the individual performers or singers. In Potty Music Video popular music, jazz, and blues, the standard musical notation is the lead sheet, which notates the melody, chords, lyrics (if it is a vocal piece), and structure of the music. Scores and Potty Music Video parts are also used in popular music and jazz, particularly in large Potty Music Video ensembles such as jazz "big bands."
In popular music, guitarists and electric bass players often read Potty Music Video music notated in tablature, which indicates the location of the notes to be played on the instrument using a Potty Music Video diagram of the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also used in the Baroque era to notate music for the lute, a stringed, fretted instrument.
Notated music is produced as Potty Music Video sheet music. To perform music from notation requires an understanding of both the musical style and the performance practice that is associated with a piece of Potty Music Video music or genre.
Improvisation is the creation of spontaneous music. Potty Music Video Improvisation Potty Music Video is Potty Music Video often considered an act of instantaneous composition by composers, where compositional techniques are employed with or without preparation.
Music theory encompasses the nature and mechanics of music. Potty Music Video It often involves identifying patterns that govern composers' Potty Music Video techniques. In a more detailed sense, music theory (in the western system) also distills and analyzes the elements of music � rhythm, harmony (harmonic Potty Music Video function), melody, structure, and texture. People who study these properties are known as music theorists.
The field of music cognition involves the study of many aspects of music Potty Music Video including how it is processed by listeners. Rather than accepting the Potty Music Video standard practices of analyzing, composing, and performing music as a given, much research in music cognition seeks Potty Music Video instead to uncover Potty Music Video the mental processes that Potty Music Video underlie these Potty Music Video practices. Also, research in the field seeks to uncover commonalities between the musical Potty Music Video traditions of disparate cultures and possible cognitive "constraints" that limit these musical systems. Potty Music Video Questions regarding musical Potty Music Video innateness, and emotional responses to music are also major areas of research in the field.
Deaf people can experience music by feeling the vibrations in their body, a Potty Music Video process which Potty Music Video can be enhanced if the individual holds a resonant, hollow object. A Potty Music Video well-known deaf musician is the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who Potty Music Video composed many famous works even after Potty Music Video he had completely Potty Music Video lost his hearing. Recent examples of deaf musicians include Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed percussionist who has been deaf since age twelve, and Potty Music Video Chris Potty Music Video Buck, a virtuoso violinist who has lost his hearing. This is relevant because it indicates that music is a deeper cognitive process Potty Music Video than unexamined phrases such as, Potty Music Video "pleasing to Potty Music Video the ear" would suggest. Potty Music Video Much research Potty Music Video in music cognition seeks Potty Music Video to Potty Music Video uncover these complex mental processes involved in listening to music, which may seem intuitively simple, yet are vastly intricate and complex.The music that Potty Music Video composers make can Potty Music Video be heard through several media; the most traditional way is to hear it live, Potty Music Video in Potty Music Video the presence, or as one of the musicians. Live music can also be broadcast over the radio, television Potty Music Video or the internet. Some musical styles focus on producing a sound for a performance, while others focus on producing a recording Potty Music Video which mixes Potty Music Video together Potty Music Video sounds which were never played "live". Recording, even of styles which are essentially live, often uses the ability to Potty Music Video edit Potty Music Video and splice to produce recordings which are considered better than the actual performance.
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As talking pictures emerged in the early 20th century, with their prerecorded musical tracks, an increasing number of moviehouse orchestra musicians found themselves out of work.[6] During Potty Music Video the 1920s live musical performances Potty Music Video by orchestras, pianists, and theater organists were common at first-run theaters[7] With the coming of the talking motion pictures, those featured performances were largely eliminated. The AFM took out Potty Music Video newspaper Potty Music Video advertisements protesting the replacement of live musicians with mechanical playing devices. One Potty Music Video 1929 ad that appeared in the Pittsburgh Press features an Potty Music Video image of a can labeled "Canned Potty Music Video Music / Big Potty Music Video Noise Potty Music Video Brand / Guaranteed to Produce No Intellectual or Emotional Potty Music Video Reaction Whatever"
Since legislation introduced to help protect Potty Music Video performers, composers, publishers and producers, including the Audio Home Recording Act of Potty Music Video 1992 in the United States, and the 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in Potty Music Video the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have also become more accessible through computers, devices and internet in a form that is commonly known as music-on-demand.
In many cultures, there is less distinction between performing and listening to music, since virtually everyone is involved in some sort of musical activity, often communal. In industrialised countries, listening to music through a recorded Potty Music Video form, such as sound recording or watching a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the 20th century.
Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. For example, a DJ uses disc records for scratching, and Potty Music Video some 20th-century works have a solo for an instrument or voice that is performed along with music that is prerecorded onto a Potty Music Video tape. Computers and many keyboards can be programmed to produce Potty Music Video and play MIDI music. Audiences Potty Music Video can also become performers by participating in Karaoke, an activity of Japanese origin which centres around a device that plays voice-eliminated versions of well-known songs. Most karaoke machines also have video screens that show lyrics Potty Music Video to songs being Potty Music Video performed; performers can follow the lyrics as they sing over the Potty Music Video instrumental tracks.
The advent of the Internet has transformed Potty Music Video the experience of music, partly through the increased ease of access Potty Music Video to music and the increased choice. Potty Music Video Chris Anderson, in his book The Long Tail: Listen Live To Country Music Station Why the future of business is selling less of more, suggests that while the economic model of supply and demand Potty Music Video describes scarcity, the Potty Music Video Internet retail model is based Potty Music Video on abundance. Potty Music Video Digital storage costs Potty Music Video are low, so a company can afford to make its whole inventory available online, giving customers as much choice as possible. It has thus become economically viable to offer products that very few people Potty Music Video are interested in. Consumers' growing Potty Music Video awareness of their increased choice results Potty Music Video in a closer association between listening tastes and social Potty Music Video identity, and the creation of thousands of niche markets.
Another effect of the Internet arises with online communities like Youtube and Myspace. Myspace has made social networking with other musicians easier, and greatly facilitates the Potty Music Video distribution of one's music. Youtube also Potty Music Video has a large community of both amateur and professional musicians who post videos and comments. Professional musicians also use Youtube as Potty Music Video a free publisher of promotional material.
Youtube users, for example, no longer only download and listen to mp3s, but also actively create their own. According to Tapscott and Williams, there has been a Potty Music Video shift from a traditional consumer role to what they call a "prosumer" role, a consumer who both creates and consumes. Manifestations Potty Music Video of this in music include the production of mashes, remixes, and music videos by Potty Music Video fans. |
