musical material, or composition, as held in western classical music. Even when music is notated precisely, Free Listable Music there are still many decisions that a Free Listable Music performer has to make. The process of a performer deciding how to perform music that has been previously composed and notated is termed interpretation.
Different performers' interpretations of the same music can vary widely. Composers and song writers who present their own music are interpreting, just as much as those who perform the music of others or Free Listable Music folk music. The standard body Free Listable Music of choices and techniques present at a Free Listable Music given time and a given place is referred to as performance practice, where as interpretation is generally used to mean either individual choices of a performer, or an aspect of music which is not Free Listable Music clear, and therefore has a "standard" interpretation.
In some musical Free Listable Music genres, such as jazz Free Listable Music and blues, even more freedom is given Free Listable Music to the performer to engage in improvisation on a basic melodic, harmonic, or Free Listable Music rhythmic framework. The greatest latitude is given to the performer in a style of performing called free improvisation, which is material that is spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while being Free Listable Music performed, Free Listable Music not preconceived. According to Free Listable Music the analysis of Georgiana Costescu,[citation needed] improvised music usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and even "fully composed" includes Free Listable Music some freely chosen material. Composition does not always mean Free Listable Music the use of notation, or the known sole authorship Free Listable Music of Free Listable Music one individual.
Music can also be determined by describing a "process" which may create musical sounds; Free Listable Music examples of this range from wind chimes, through computer programs which select sounds. Music which contains elements selected by chance is called Aleatoric music, and is associated with such composers as John Free Listable Music Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Free Listable Music Lutoslawski.
Musical composition is a term that describes the composition Free Listable Music of a Free Listable Music piece of music. Methods of Free Listable Music composition Free Listable Music vary widely Free Listable Music from one composer to another, however in analysing music all forms � spontaneous, trained, or untrained � are built from elements comprising Free Listable Music a musical piece. Music can be composed for repeated performance or it Free Listable Music can be improvised: composed on the spot. The music can be performed Free Listable Music entirely from Free Listable Music memory, from a written system of musical notation, Free Listable Music or some combination of Free Listable Music both. Study of composition Free Listable Music has traditionally Free Listable Music been dominated by examination of methods and practice of Western classical music, but the definition of composition is broad enough to include spontaneously improvised Free Listable Music works like those of free jazz performers and Free Listable Music African drummers.
What is Free Listable Music important in understanding the composition of a piece Free Listable Music is singling out its elements. An understanding of music's formal Free Listable Music elements can be helpful in deciphering exactly how a Free Listable Music piece is constructed. A universal element of music is how sounds occur in time, which is referred to as the rhythm of a piece of music.
When a piece Free Listable Music appears to have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in rubato time, Free Listable Music an Italian expression that indicates that the Free Listable Music tempo of the piece changes Free Listable Music to suit the expressive intent of the performer. Even random placement of random sounds, which occurs in musical montage, occurs Free Listable Music within some kind of time, and thus employs time Free Listable Music as a musical element.
Notation is the written expression of music notes and rhythms on paper using symbols. When Free Listable Music music is Free Listable Music written down, the pitches and rhythm of the Free Listable Music music is notated, Free Listable Music along with instructions on how to perform Free Listable Music the music. The study of how to read notation involves music theory, harmony, the study of performance practice, and in some cases an understanding of historical performance methods.
Written notation varies Free Listable Music with style and period of music. In Western Art music, Free Listable Music the most common types of written notation are scores, which include all the music parts of an ensemble piece, and parts, which are the music notation for the individual performers or singers. In popular music, jazz, and blues, the standard musical notation is the lead Free Listable Music sheet, Free Listable Music which notates the melody, chords, lyrics (if it is a vocal piece), and structure of the music. Scores and parts are also Free Listable Music used in Free Listable Music popular Free Listable Music music and jazz, particularly in large ensembles such as jazz "big Free Listable Music bands."
In popular music, guitarists and electric bass players often read Free Listable Music music notated in tablature, which indicates the location of the notes Free Listable Music to be played on the instrument using a diagram of the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also Free Listable Music used in the Baroque era to Free Listable Music notate music for the lute, a stringed, fretted instrument.
Notated music is produced as sheet music. To Free Listable Music perform music from notation requires an understanding of both the musical style and Free Listable Music the performance practice that is associated with a piece of music Free Listable Music or genre.
Improvisation is the creation of spontaneous music. Improvisation is often considered an act of instantaneous composition by composers, where compositional techniques are employed with or without preparation.
Music theory encompasses the nature and mechanics of music. It often involves identifying patterns that govern composers' techniques. Free Listable Music In a more detailed sense, music theory (in the western system) also distills and analyzes the elements of music � rhythm, harmony (harmonic Free Listable Music function), melody, structure, and texture. People who study these properties are known as music theorists.
The field of music cognition involves the study of many aspects of music including how it is processed by listeners. Rather than accepting the standard practices of analyzing, composing, and performing Free Listable Music music Free Listable Music as a given, much research in music cognition seeks instead Free Listable Music to uncover the Free Listable Music mental Free Listable Music processes that Free Listable Music underlie these practices. Also, research in the field Free Listable Music seeks to uncover commonalities between the musical traditions of disparate cultures and possible cognitive "constraints" that Free Listable Music limit these musical systems. Questions regarding musical innateness, and emotional responses to music are Free Listable Music also major areas of Free Listable Music research in the Free Listable Music field.
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Deaf people can experience music by feeling the Free Listable Music vibrations in their body, a process which can be enhanced if the individual holds a resonant, hollow object. Free Listable Music A well-known Free Listable Music deaf musician is the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous works even Free Listable Music after he had completely lost his hearing. Recent examples of deaf musicians include Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed percussionist who has been deaf since age twelve, Free Listable Music and Chris Buck, a virtuoso Free Listable Music violinist who has lost his hearing. This is relevant because it indicates that music is a deeper cognitive process than unexamined phrases such as, "pleasing to the ear" would suggest. Much research in music cognition seeks to uncover these complex Free Listable Music mental processes involved in listening Free Listable Music to music, which may Free Listable Music seem Free Listable Music intuitively simple, yet are vastly intricate and complex.The music that composers make can be heard through several media; the most traditional way is to hear it live, in Free Listable Music the presence, or Free Listable Music as one of the musicians. Live music can also be Free Listable Music broadcast Free Listable Music over the radio, television or the internet. Some musical styles focus on producing a sound for a performance, while others focus on producing a recording which mixes together sounds Free Listable Music which Free Listable Music were never played "live". Recording, even of styles Free Listable Music which are essentially live, often uses the ability to edit and splice to produce recordings Free Listable Music which are considered better than the actual performance.
As talking pictures emerged in the early Free Listable Music 20th century, with their prerecorded musical tracks, an increasing number of Free Listable Music moviehouse orchestra musicians found themselves out of Free Listable Music work.[6] During the 1920s live musical performances by orchestras, pianists, and theater organists were common at Free Listable Music first-run theaters[7] With the coming of the talking motion pictures, those featured performances were largely eliminated. The AFM took out newspaper advertisements protesting the replacement of live musicians with mechanical playing devices. One 1929 ad that appeared Free Listable Music in the Pittsburgh Press features an image of a can labeled "Canned Music / Big Noise Brand / Guaranteed to Produce No Intellectual Free Listable Music or Emotional Reaction Whatever"
Since legislation introduced to help protect performers, composers, publishers and producers, including the Audio Home Recording Act of Free Listable Music 1992 in the United States, and the 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary Free Listable Music and Artistic Free Listable Music Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have Free Listable Music also Free Listable Music become more Free Listable Music accessible Free Listable Music through computers, devices and internet in a form that is commonly known as music-on-demand.
In many cultures, there is less distinction between performing and listening to music, since virtually everyone is involved in some sort Free Listable Music of musical activity, Free Listable Music often communal. In industrialised countries, listening to music through a recorded form, such as sound recording or watching a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the 20th century.
Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. For example, a DJ uses Free Listable Music disc records for scratching, and some 20th-century works have a solo Free Listable Music for an Free Listable Music instrument or voice that is performed along with Free Listable Music music that is prerecorded onto a tape. Computers and many keyboards can be programmed to produce and play MIDI music. Audiences can also become performers by participating in Karaoke, an Free Listable Music activity of Japanese origin which centres around Free Listable Music a device that plays voice-eliminated versions of well-known songs. Most karaoke machines also have video screens that show lyrics to songs being performed; Free Listable Music performers can follow the lyrics as Free Listable Music they sing over the instrumental tracks.
The advent of the Internet Free Listable Music has transformed the experience of Free Listable Music music, partly through the increased ease of access to music and the increased choice. Chris Anderson, in his book The Free Listable Music Long Tail: Why the future of business is selling less of more, suggests that while the economic model of supply and demand describes scarcity, the Internet retail model is based on abundance. Digital storage costs are low, so a company can afford to make its whole inventory available online, giving customers as much choice as possible. Free Listable Music It has thus become economically Free Listable Music viable to offer products that Free Listable Music very few people are interested in. Consumers' growing awareness of their Free Listable Music increased choice results in a closer association between listening tastes and social identity, and the creation of thousands of niche markets.
Another effect of the Internet arises with online Free Listable Music communities like Youtube Free Listable Music and Myspace. Myspace has made social Free Listable Music networking with other musicians Free Listable Music easier, and greatly facilitates the distribution of one's music. Youtube also has a Free Listable Music large community of both amateur and professional musicians who post videos and comments. Professional musicians also Free Listable Music use Free Listable Music Youtube as a Free Listable Music free publisher of promotional material.
Youtube users, for example, Free Listable Music no longer only download and listen to mp3s, but also actively create their own. According to Tapscott and Williams, there has been a shift from a traditional consumer role to what they call a "prosumer" role, Free Listable Music a consumer who both creates Free Listable Music and consumes. Manifestations of this in music include the production of mashes, remixes, and music Free Listable Music videos Free Listable Music by fans. |
