musical material, or composition, as held in western classical music. Even when music is notated precisely, there are still many decisions that Country Music Hit Chart a performer has to make. The process of a Country Music Hit Chart performer deciding how to perform music that has been previously composed and notated is termed interpretation.
Different performers' interpretations of the same music can vary widely. Composers Country Music Hit Chart and song writers who present their own music are interpreting, just as much as Country Music Hit Chart those who perform the music of others or folk music. The standard Country Music Hit Chart body Country Music Hit Chart of choices and techniques present at Country Music Hit Chart a given time and a given Country Music Hit Chart place is referred to as performance practice, where as interpretation Country Music Hit Chart is generally used to mean either individual Country Music Hit Chart choices of a performer, or Country Music Hit Chart an aspect of music which is Country Music Hit Chart not clear, and Country Music Hit Chart therefore has a "standard" interpretation.
In some musical genres, such as jazz and blues, even Country Music Hit Chart more freedom is given Country Music Hit Chart to the performer to engage in improvisation on a basic Country Music Hit Chart melodic, harmonic, or Country Music Hit Chart rhythmic framework. The Country Music Hit Chart greatest latitude is given to the performer in a style of Country Music Hit Chart performing called free improvisation, which is material that is spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while being performed, not preconceived. According to the analysis of Georgiana Costescu,[citation needed] improvised music usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and even "fully composed" includes some freely chosen material. Country Music Hit Chart Composition does not always mean the use Country Music Hit Chart of notation, or the known sole authorship of one individual.
Music can also be determined by describing a "process" which may create musical sounds; examples of this range from wind chimes, through computer programs Country Music Hit Chart which select sounds. Music which contains elements selected by Country Music Hit Chart chance is called Aleatoric music, and is associated with such composers as John Cage, Morton Feldman, Country Music Hit Chart and Witold Lutoslawski.
Musical composition is a term that describes the composition of a piece of music. Methods of composition vary widely from one composer to another, however Country Music Hit Chart in analysing music all forms � spontaneous, trained, or untrained Country Music Hit Chart � are built from elements comprising a musical piece. Music can be composed for repeated performance or it can be improvised: composed on the spot. Country Music Hit Chart The Country Music Hit Chart music can be performed entirely from memory, from a written system Somewhat In Music of Country Music Hit Chart musical notation, or some combination of both. Country Music Hit Chart Study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods and practice of Western classical music, but the definition of composition is broad enough to Country Music Hit Chart include spontaneously improvised works like those Country Music Hit Chart of free jazz performers and African drummers.
What is important in understanding the composition of a piece is singling out its elements. An understanding of Country Music Hit Chart music's formal elements can be helpful Country Music Hit Chart in deciphering exactly how a piece is constructed. A universal element Country Music Hit Chart of music is how sounds occur in time, which is referred to Country Music Hit Chart as the rhythm of a piece of music.
When a piece appears to have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in Country Music Hit Chart rubato time, an Italian expression that indicates that the tempo of the Country Music Hit Chart piece changes to suit the expressive intent of the performer. Even random placement of random sounds, which Country Music Hit Chart occurs in musical montage, occurs Country Music Hit Chart within some kind of time, and thus employs time as a Country Music Hit Chart musical element.
Notation is the written expression of music notes Country Music Hit Chart and Country Music Hit Chart rhythms on paper using symbols. When music is written down, the pitches and rhythm of the music is notated, along with instructions on how to perform the music. The study of how to read notation involves music theory, harmony, the study of performance practice, and in some cases an Country Music Hit Chart understanding of Country Music Hit Chart historical performance methods.
Written notation Country Music Hit Chart varies Country Music Hit Chart with Country Music Hit Chart style and period of music. In Western Country Music Hit Chart Art music, the most Country Music Hit Chart common types of written notation are scores, which include all the music parts of an ensemble piece, and parts, which are the music notation for the Country Music Hit Chart individual performers or singers. In popular Country Music Hit Chart music, jazz, and blues, the standard musical notation is the lead sheet, which notates the melody, chords, lyrics (if it Country Music Hit Chart is a vocal piece), and structure of the Country Music Hit Chart music. Scores Country Music Hit Chart and parts are also used in popular music and jazz, particularly in large Country Music Hit Chart ensembles such as jazz "big bands."
In popular music, guitarists and electric bass players often read music notated in tablature, which Country Music Hit Chart indicates Country Music Hit Chart the location of the notes to be Country Music Hit Chart played on the Country Music Hit Chart instrument using a diagram of the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also used in the Baroque era Country Music Hit Chart to notate music Country Music Hit Chart for the lute, a stringed, fretted instrument.
Notated music is produced as sheet music. To Country Music Hit Chart perform music from notation requires Country Music Hit Chart an understanding of both the musical style Country Music Hit Chart and the performance practice that is associated with Country Music Hit Chart a piece of music or genre.
Improvisation is the creation of spontaneous music. Improvisation is often considered an act of instantaneous composition by composers, where compositional techniques Country Music Hit Chart are employed with or without preparation.
Music theory encompasses the nature and mechanics of music. It often involves identifying patterns that govern composers' techniques. In a more detailed sense, music theory (in the western system) also distills Country Music Hit Chart and analyzes the elements Country Music Hit Chart of music � rhythm, harmony (harmonic Country Music Hit Chart function), melody, structure, and Country Music Hit Chart texture. People who Country Music Hit Chart study Country Music Hit Chart these properties are Country Music Hit Chart known Country Music Hit Chart as music theorists.
The field of music cognition involves the study of Country Music Hit Chart many aspects of music including how it is processed by listeners. Rather than Country Music Hit Chart accepting the standard practices of analyzing, composing, and performing music as a given, much research in music cognition seeks Country Music Hit Chart instead to uncover the mental processes that underlie these practices. Also, research in the field seeks to uncover commonalities between the musical traditions of disparate cultures and possible cognitive "constraints" that limit these musical systems. Questions Country Music Hit Chart regarding Country Music Hit Chart musical innateness, and emotional responses to music are also major Country Music Hit Chart areas of research in the field.
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Deaf people can experience Country Music Hit Chart music by Country Music Hit Chart feeling the vibrations in their body, a process which Country Music Hit Chart can be enhanced if the individual holds a resonant, hollow object. A well-known deaf musician is the Country Music Hit Chart composer Ludwig van Country Music Hit Chart Beethoven, who composed many famous works even after he Country Music Hit Chart had completely lost his hearing. Recent examples of deaf musicians include Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed Country Music Hit Chart percussionist who has been deaf since age twelve, and Chris Buck, a virtuoso violinist Country Music Hit Chart who has lost his hearing. This is relevant because it indicates that Country Music Hit Chart music is a deeper Country Music Hit Chart cognitive process than unexamined phrases such Country Music Hit Chart as, Country Music Hit Chart "pleasing Country Music Hit Chart to the ear" would suggest. Much research in music cognition seeks to uncover these complex mental processes involved in listening to music, which Country Music Hit Chart may seem intuitively simple, Country Music Hit Chart yet are vastly Country Music Hit Chart intricate and complex.The music that composers Country Music Hit Chart make can be heard through several media; the most traditional way Country Music Hit Chart is to hear it live, in the presence, or as one of the musicians. Live music can also be broadcast Country Music Hit Chart over the Country Music Hit Chart radio, television or the internet. Some musical styles focus on producing a Country Music Hit Chart sound for a performance, while others focus on producing a recording which mixes together sounds which were never played "live". Recording, even of styles which are essentially live, often uses the ability to edit and splice to produce recordings which are considered better than the actual performance.
As talking pictures emerged in the Country Music Hit Chart early 20th century, with their prerecorded musical tracks, an increasing number of moviehouse orchestra Country Music Hit Chart musicians found themselves out Country Music Hit Chart of work.[6] During the 1920s live musical performances by orchestras, pianists, and theater organists were common at first-run theaters[7] With the coming of the talking motion pictures, Country Music Hit Chart those featured Country Music Hit Chart performances were largely eliminated. The AFM took out newspaper advertisements protesting Country Music Hit Chart the replacement of live musicians with mechanical playing devices. One 1929 ad that appeared in the Pittsburgh Press features an image of a can labeled "Canned Music / Big Noise Brand / Guaranteed Country Music Hit Chart to Produce No Country Music Hit Chart Intellectual or Emotional Reaction Whatever"
Since legislation introduced to help protect performers, composers, publishers and producers, including the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 in Country Music Hit Chart the United States, and Country Music Hit Chart the 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have also become more accessible through computers, devices and Country Music Hit Chart internet in a form that is commonly known as music-on-demand.
In many cultures, there is less distinction between performing and listening to music, since virtually everyone is involved in some sort of musical activity, often communal. In industrialised countries, listening to music through a recorded form, such Country Music Hit Chart as sound recording or watching Country Music Hit Chart a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the 20th century.
Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. Country Music Hit Chart For example, a Country Music Hit Chart DJ uses disc records for scratching, Country Music Hit Chart and some 20th-century works have a solo for an instrument or voice that is performed along with music that is prerecorded onto a tape. Computers and many keyboards can be programmed to produce and play Country Music Hit Chart MIDI music. Audiences can also become performers by participating in Karaoke, an activity of Japanese origin which centres Country Music Hit Chart around a device that plays voice-eliminated versions of well-known songs. Most karaoke machines also have video screens that Country Music Hit Chart show lyrics to songs being performed; performers can follow the lyrics Country Music Hit Chart as they sing over the instrumental tracks.
The advent of the Country Music Hit Chart Internet has transformed the experience of music, partly through the increased ease of access to music and the increased choice. Chris Anderson, Country Music Hit Chart in his book Country Music Hit Chart The Long Tail: Why the future of business is Country Music Hit Chart selling less of more, Country Music Hit Chart suggests that while the economic model Country Music Hit Chart of supply Country Music Hit Chart and demand describes scarcity, the Internet retail model is based on abundance. Digital storage costs are low, so a company can afford to make its whole inventory available online, giving customers as Country Music Hit Chart much choice as possible. It has thus become economically viable to offer products that very few people are interested in. Consumers' growing awareness of their increased choice results in a closer association between listening tastes and social identity, and the creation of thousands of niche markets.
Another effect of the Internet arises with online communities Country Music Hit Chart like Youtube and Myspace. Myspace has made social networking with other musicians easier, and greatly facilitates the distribution of one's music. Country Music Hit Chart Youtube also Country Music Hit Chart has a large community of both amateur and professional musicians who post videos and comments. Professional musicians also use Youtube as a Country Music Hit Chart free publisher of promotional Country Music Hit Chart material.
Youtube users, Country Music Hit Chart for example, no Country Music Hit Chart longer only download and listen to mp3s, but also actively create their Country Music Hit Chart own. According to Tapscott and Williams, there has been a shift from a traditional consumer Country Music Hit Chart role to what they call a "prosumer" role, a consumer who both creates and consumes. Manifestations of this in music include the production of mashes, remixes, and music videos by fans. |
