musical material, or composition, as held in western classical Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine music. Even when music is notated precisely, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine there are still many decisions that a performer has to make. The process of a performer deciding how to perform music that has been previously composed and notated is termed interpretation.
Different performers' interpretations of the same music Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine can vary widely. Composers and song writers who present their own music are interpreting, just as Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine much as those who perform the music of others or folk music. The standard body of choices and techniques present at a given time and a given place is referred to as performance practice, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine where as interpretation is generally used to mean either Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine individual choices of a performer, or an aspect of music which is not clear, and therefore has a "standard" interpretation.
In some musical genres, such as jazz and blues, even more freedom is given to the performer to Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine engage in improvisation on a basic melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic framework. The greatest latitude is given Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine to the performer in a style of performing called free improvisation, which is material that is spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while being performed, not preconceived. According to the analysis of Georgiana Costescu,[citation needed] Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine improvised music usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and even "fully composed" includes some Music Tuantrionh freely chosen Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine material. Composition does not always mean the use of notation, or the known sole authorship of one individual.
Music can also be determined Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine by describing Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine a "process" which may create musical sounds; examples of this range Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine from wind chimes, through computer Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine programs which select sounds. Music which contains elements selected by chance is Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine called Aleatoric music, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine and is associated with such composers as John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutoslawski.
Musical composition is a Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine term that Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine describes the composition of a piece of music. Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine Methods of composition vary widely from one composer to another, however in analysing music all forms � spontaneous, trained, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine or untrained � are built from elements comprising a musical piece. Music can be composed for repeated performance or it can be improvised: composed on Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine the spot. The music can be performed entirely from memory, from a Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine written system of musical notation, or some combination of both. Study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods and Ares Music Download practice of Western classical music, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine but Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine the definition of composition is broad enough to Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine include spontaneously improvised works Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine like those of free jazz performers Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine and African drummers.
What is important in understanding the composition of a piece Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine is singling out its elements. An Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine understanding of music's Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine formal elements can be helpful in deciphering exactly how a piece is constructed. A universal element of Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine music is how sounds occur in Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine time, which is referred to as the rhythm of a piece of music.
|
When a piece appears to have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in rubato time, an Italian expression that indicates that the tempo of Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine the piece changes to suit the expressive intent of the performer. Even random placement Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine of random Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine sounds, which occurs in musical Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine montage, occurs within Music Transcription some kind of time, and thus employs time as a musical element.
Notation Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine is the written Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine expression of music notes and rhythms on paper using symbols. When music is written down, the pitches and rhythm of the music is notated, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine along with instructions on how to perform the music. The study of how to read notation involves music theory, harmony, the study of performance practice, and in some cases an understanding of historical performance methods.
Written notation varies with Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine style Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine and period of music. In Western Art music, the most common types of Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine written notation are scores, which include Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine all the music parts of an ensemble piece, and Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine parts, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine which are Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine the music notation for the individual performers or singers. In popular music, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine jazz, and blues, the standard musical notation is the lead sheet, which notates the melody, chords, lyrics (if it is a vocal piece), and structure of the music. Scores and parts are also Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine used in popular music and Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine jazz, particularly in large ensembles such as jazz "big bands."
In popular music, guitarists and electric bass players often read music notated in tablature, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine which indicates the Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine location of the notes to be played on the instrument using a diagram of the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine used in the Baroque era to notate music Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine for the lute, a stringed, fretted instrument.
Notated music is produced as sheet music. To perform music from notation requires an understanding of both the musical style and the performance practice that is associated with a piece of music Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine or genre.
Improvisation is the creation of spontaneous music. Improvisation is often considered Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine an act of instantaneous Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine composition by composers, where compositional techniques are employed with or Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine without preparation.
Music Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine theory encompasses Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine the nature and mechanics of music. It often involves identifying Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine patterns Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine that govern Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine composers' techniques. In a more detailed sense, music theory (in the western system) also distills and analyzes the elements of music � rhythm, harmony (harmonic function), melody, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine structure, and texture. People who study Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine these properties Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine are known as music theorists.
The field of music Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine cognition involves the study of many aspects Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine of Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine music including how it is processed by listeners. Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine Rather than accepting the standard practices of analyzing, composing, and performing music as a given, much research in music cognition seeks instead to uncover the mental processes that underlie these practices. Also, research Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine in the field seeks to uncover commonalities between the musical Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine traditions of disparate cultures and possible cognitive "constraints" that limit these musical systems. Questions regarding musical innateness, and emotional responses to music are also major areas of research in the field.
|
Deaf people can experience music Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine by feeling the vibrations in their body, a process which Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine can be Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine enhanced if the individual holds a resonant, hollow object. A Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine well-known deaf musician is Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous works even after he had Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine completely lost his Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine hearing. Recent examples of deaf musicians include Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine Evelyn Glennie, a Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine highly Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine acclaimed percussionist who has been Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine deaf Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine since age twelve, and Chris Buck, a virtuoso violinist Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine who has lost his hearing. This is relevant because it indicates that music is a Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine deeper Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine cognitive process than unexamined phrases such as, "pleasing to the ear" would suggest. Much research in music cognition Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine seeks to uncover Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine these complex mental processes involved in listening to music, which may Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine seem intuitively simple, yet are vastly intricate and complex.The music that composers make can be heard through several media; the most traditional way is to hear it live, in the presence, or as one of the musicians. Live music Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine can also be Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine broadcast over the radio, television or the internet. Some musical styles focus on producing a sound for a performance, while others focus on producing Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine a recording which mixes together sounds which were never Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine played "live". Recording, even of styles which are essentially live, often uses the ability Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine to edit and splice to produce recordings which are considered better than the actual performance.
As talking pictures emerged in the early 20th century, with Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine their Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine prerecorded musical tracks, an increasing number of moviehouse orchestra Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine musicians found themselves out of work.[6] During the 1920s live musical performances by orchestras, pianists, Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine and theater organists were common at Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine first-run theaters[7] With the coming of the talking motion pictures, those Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine featured performances were largely eliminated. The Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine AFM took out newspaper advertisements protesting the replacement of live musicians with mechanical playing devices. One 1929 ad that appeared in the Pittsburgh Press features an image of a can labeled "Canned Music / Big Noise Brand / Guaranteed Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine to Produce No Intellectual or Emotional Reaction Whatever"
Since legislation introduced Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine to help protect performers, composers, publishers and producers, including the Audio Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine Home Recording Act of 1992 in the United States, and the 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine of Literary Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine and Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have also become Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine more accessible through computers, devices and internet in a form that is Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine commonly known as music-on-demand.
In many cultures, there is less distinction between performing and listening to music, since virtually everyone is involved in Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine some sort of musical activity, often communal. In industrialised countries, listening to music through Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine a recorded form, such as sound recording or watching a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine of the 20th century.
|
Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. For example, a DJ uses disc records for scratching, and some 20th-century works Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine have a solo for an instrument or voice that is performed along with music Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine that is prerecorded onto Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine a tape. Computers and many keyboards can be programmed to produce and play MIDI music. Audiences can Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine also Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine become performers by participating in Karaoke, an activity of Japanese origin which centres around a Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine device that plays Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine voice-eliminated versions of well-known songs. Most karaoke machines also have video screens Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine that show Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine lyrics to songs being performed; performers can follow the lyrics as they sing over the instrumental tracks.
The advent of the Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine Internet has transformed the Play My Music Lyrics experience of music, partly through the increased ease of access to Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine music and the increased Music Causing Violence choice. Chris Anderson, in his book The Long Tail: Why the future of business is selling less of more, suggests that while the Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine economic model of supply and demand describes scarcity, the Internet retail model Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine is based Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine on abundance. Digital storage costs are low, so a company can afford to make Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine its whole inventory available online, giving customers as much choice as possible. Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine It has Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine thus Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine become economically viable to offer products that very few people are interested in. Consumers' growing awareness of their increased choice results in a closer association Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine between listening tastes and social identity, and the creation of thousands of niche markets.
Another effect of World Warii Music the Internet arises with online communities like Youtube and Myspace. Myspace has made social networking Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine with other musicians easier, and greatly facilitates the distribution of one's music. Youtube Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine also has Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine a Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine large community of both amateur and professional musicians who post videos and comments. Professional musicians also use Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine Youtube as a free publisher of promotional material.
Youtube users, for example, no longer Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine only download and listen to mp3s, but also actively create their own. According to Tapscott and Williams, there has been a shift from a traditional consumer role to what they call a "prosumer" role, a consumer Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine who both creates and consumes. Manifestations of this in music include the Dfw Radio Tv News Music Magazine production of mashes, remixes, and music videos by fans. |
