musical material, or composition, as held in western classical music. Even when music is notated precisely, there are still County Music Sites many decisions that a performer has to make. The process of a performer deciding how to perform County Music Sites music that has been previously County Music Sites composed and notated is termed interpretation.
Different performers' interpretations County Music Sites of the same music can vary widely. Composers and song County Music Sites writers who present their own music are interpreting, just as County Music Sites much as those who perform the music of others or folk music. County Music Sites The standard body of choices and techniques present at a given time and a County Music Sites given place is referred to as performance practice, where as interpretation is generally used to mean either individual choices of County Music Sites a performer, or an aspect of music which is not clear, and therefore has a "standard" interpretation.
In some musical genres, such as jazz County Music Sites and blues, even more freedom is given County Music Sites to County Music Sites the performer to engage in improvisation on a basic melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic framework. The greatest latitude is given to the performer in a style of performing called free improvisation, which is material that is spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while being performed, not preconceived. County Music Sites According to the analysis of Georgiana Costescu,[citation needed] improvised music usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and even "fully composed" includes some freely chosen material. Composition does not always mean the use of notation, or the known sole authorship County Music Sites of one individual.
Music can also be determined by describing a "process" which may create musical sounds; examples of this range from wind chimes, through County Music Sites computer programs which select sounds. Music which contains elements County Music Sites selected by chance is called Aleatoric music, and is associated with County Music Sites such composers as John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutoslawski.
Musical County Music Sites composition is a term that describes the composition of a piece of music. Methods County Music Sites of County Music Sites composition vary widely from one composer to another, however in analysing music all forms � spontaneous, trained, or untrained � are County Music Sites built from elements comprising County Music Sites a musical piece. Music can County Music Sites be County Music Sites composed for repeated performance or it can Gospel Music Television be improvised: composed on the County Music Sites spot. The music can be performed entirely from memory, from a written system of musical notation, or some combination of both. County Music Sites Study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods County Music Sites and practice of Western classical music, County Music Sites but the definition of composition is broad enough to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz performers and African County Music Sites drummers.
What is important in understanding the composition of a piece is singling out its elements. County Music Sites An understanding County Music Sites of music's formal Music Cd Downloads elements can be helpful in deciphering County Music Sites exactly how a County Music Sites piece is constructed. A universal element of music is how sounds County Music Sites occur in time, which is referred to as the rhythm of County Music Sites a piece of music.
When a County Music Sites piece appears to have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in rubato County Music Sites time, an Italian expression that indicates that the tempo of the County Music Sites piece changes to suit the County Music Sites expressive intent of the performer. Even random placement of random sounds, which occurs in musical montage, occurs within some kind of County Music Sites time, and thus employs time as a musical element.
Notation is the written County Music Sites expression of County Music Sites music notes and rhythms on County Music Sites paper using symbols. When County Music Sites music is written down, the pitches and County Music Sites rhythm of the music is County Music Sites notated, along with instructions on how to perform the music. The study of how to read notation involves music theory, harmony, the study of performance County Music Sites practice, and in some cases an understanding of historical performance methods.
Written notation varies with style and period of music. In Western Art music, the most common types of written County Music Sites notation are scores, which include all the music parts of an ensemble piece, and parts, which are the music notation for the individual performers or singers. In County Music Sites popular music, jazz, and blues, the standard musical notation is the lead sheet, which County Music Sites notates the melody, chords, lyrics (if it is a vocal piece), County Music Sites and structure of the music. Scores and parts are also used in popular music and jazz, particularly County Music Sites in large County Music Sites ensembles County Music Sites such as jazz "big bands."
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In popular music, guitarists and electric bass players often County Music Sites read music notated in tablature, County Music Sites which indicates the location of the notes to be played on the instrument using a diagram of the guitar or County Music Sites bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also used in the County Music Sites Baroque era to notate music for the lute, a stringed, fretted instrument.
Notated music is produced as sheet music. To perform music from notation requires an understanding of both the musical style and the performance practice that is associated with a piece of music or genre.
Improvisation is the creation of spontaneous music. Improvisation is often considered an County Music Sites act of instantaneous composition County Music Sites by composers, Music India where compositional techniques are employed with or without preparation.
Music theory encompasses the nature and mechanics of music. It often County Music Sites involves identifying patterns that govern composers' techniques. In a County Music Sites more detailed sense, County Music Sites music theory (in the western system) also distills and County Music Sites analyzes the elements of music � rhythm, harmony (harmonic function), melody, County Music Sites structure, and texture. People who study these properties are known as County Music Sites music theorists.
The field of music County Music Sites cognition involves the study of many aspects of County Music Sites music including County Music Sites how it is processed by listeners. Rather than accepting the standard practices of analyzing, County Music Sites composing, and performing music as a given, much research in music cognition seeks instead to uncover Slave Music the mental processes that underlie these practices. County Music Sites Also, research in the field seeks to uncover commonalities between the musical traditions County Music Sites of disparate cultures and possible cognitive "constraints" that limit these musical County Music Sites systems. Questions County Music Sites regarding musical innateness, and emotional responses to music are also major areas of research in the field.
Deaf people can experience music by feeling the vibrations Bass Music in their body, a process which can County Music Sites be enhanced if County Music Sites the individual County Music Sites holds a resonant, hollow object. A well-known deaf musician County Music Sites is the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous works even after he had completely lost his County Music Sites hearing. County Music Sites Recent examples of deaf musicians include Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed percussionist who has been deaf since age twelve, and Chris Buck, a virtuoso violinist who has lost his hearing. This is relevant because it indicates that music is a deeper cognitive process than unexamined phrases such as, "pleasing to the ear" would suggest. Much research in music cognition seeks to uncover County Music Sites these complex mental processes involved in listening to music, which may seem intuitively simple, yet are vastly intricate and County Music Sites complex.The County Music Sites music that composers make can be heard through several media; County Music Sites the most traditional way is to hear it live, in the presence, or as one County Music Sites of the musicians. Live music can also be County Music Sites broadcast over the radio, television or the internet. Some musical styles focus on producing County Music Sites a sound for a performance, while others focus on producing a recording which mixes County Music Sites together sounds which were never played "live". Recording, even of styles which are essentially live, often uses the ability to edit and County Music Sites splice to produce recordings which are considered better than the County Music Sites actual performance.
As talking pictures emerged in the early 20th century, with their prerecorded musical tracks, an increasing County Music Sites number of moviehouse orchestra musicians found themselves out of work.[6] During the 1920s live musical performances by orchestras, pianists, and theater organists County Music Sites were common at first-run theaters[7] With the coming of the talking motion pictures, those County Music Sites featured performances were largely eliminated. County Music Sites The AFM took out newspaper advertisements protesting the replacement County Music Sites of live musicians with mechanical playing devices. One 1929 ad that appeared in the Pittsburgh Press County Music Sites features an image of a can labeled "Canned Music / Big Noise Brand / Guaranteed to Produce No Intellectual or Emotional Reaction Whatever"
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Since legislation introduced to help protect performers, composers, publishers Music Shops In Scotland and producers, including the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 in the County Music Sites United States, County Music Sites and the 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have also County Music Sites become more accessible through computers, devices and internet in a form that is commonly known as County Music Sites music-on-demand.
In many cultures, there is less distinction between performing and listening to music, since County Music Sites virtually everyone is involved in County Music Sites some sort of musical activity, often communal. In industrialised countries, listening to music through a recorded form, such as County Music Sites sound County Music Sites recording or watching a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the 20th century.
Sometimes, live County Music Sites performances incorporate County Music Sites prerecorded sounds. For example, a DJ uses disc records for scratching, and County Music Sites some 20th-century works have a solo for an instrument or voice that is performed County Music Sites along with music that is prerecorded onto a tape. County Music Sites Computers and many keyboards can be County Music Sites programmed to County Music Sites produce and play MIDI music. Audiences can also become performers by participating in Karaoke, an County Music Sites activity of Japanese origin County Music Sites which centres around a device that plays voice-eliminated versions of County Music Sites well-known songs. Most karaoke machines also have video screens that show lyrics to County Music Sites songs County Music Sites being performed; performers County Music Sites can follow the lyrics as they sing over the instrumental tracks.
The advent of the Internet has County Music Sites transformed the County Music Sites experience County Music Sites of music, partly through the County Music Sites increased ease of access to County Music Sites music and the increased choice. Chris Anderson, in his book County Music Sites The Long Tail: Why the County Music Sites future of business is selling less of more, Music In The 1930s suggests that while the economic model of supply and County Music Sites demand County Music Sites describes scarcity, County Music Sites the Internet retail model is based on County Music Sites abundance. County Music Sites Digital County Music Sites storage costs are low, so a company can afford to make its County Music Sites whole inventory available online, giving customers as much choice as possible. It has thus become economically viable County Music Sites to offer products that very few people are interested in. Consumers' growing awareness of Downloading Music Without Signing Up their increased choice results in a closer association between listening tastes and social identity, and the creation of thousands County Music Sites of niche County Music Sites markets.
Another effect of the Internet arises with online County Music Sites communities like Youtube and Myspace. Myspace has made County Music Sites social networking with other musicians easier, and greatly facilitates the distribution of Music Box Theater one's music. Youtube also has a County Music Sites large community of both amateur and professional musicians who post videos and comments. Professional musicians also use Youtube as a free publisher of promotional material.
Youtube users, for example, no longer only download and County Music Sites listen to mp3s, but also actively create their own. According to Tapscott and Williams, there has been a shift from a traditional consumer role to what they call a "prosumer" role, a consumer who both creates and County Music Sites consumes. Manifestations of this in music include the production of mashes, remixes, and music videos by fans. |
