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A market-focused, or customer-focused, organization first determines what its Cheap Posters potential customers desire, and then Cheap Posters builds the product or service. Marketing theory and practice is justified in the belief that customers use a product or service because they have a need, or because it provides a perceived benefit. Two major factors of marketing are the recruitment of new customers (acquisition) and the retention and expansion of relationships with existing customers (base management). Once a marketer has converted the prospective buyer, base management marketing takes over. The process for base management shifts the marketer Cheap Posters to building a relationship, nurturing the links, enhancing the benefits that sold the buyer in the Cheap Posters first place, and improving the product/service continuously to protect the business Cheap Posters from Cheap Posters competitive encroachments. For a Cheap Posters marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "Ps" must Cheap Posters reflect the wants and desires of the consumers Cheap Posters or Shoppers in the target Cheap Internal Flights Uk market. Trying to convince a Flights Cheap market segment to buy something Cheap Posters they don't want Cheap Posters is extremely expensive and seldom successful. Marketers depend on insights from marketing research, both formal and informal, to determine what consumers want and what they are willing to Cheap Posters pay for. Marketers hope that this process will give them a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing management is the practical application of this process. The offer Cheap Posters is also an Cheap Posters important addition to the 4P's theory.	Within most organizations, the activities encompassed by the marketing function are Cheap Posters led by a Vice President or Director of Cheap Posters Marketing. A growing number of organizations, especially large US companies, have a Cheap T-shirts Chief Marketing Officer position, reporting Cheap Posters to the Chief Executive Officer. The Cheap Posters American Marketing Association (AMA) states, �Marketing Cheap Posters is the activity, Cheap Posters set of institutions, Cheap Posters and processes Cheap Posters for creating, communicating, Cheap Posters delivering, Cheap Posters and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.". Marketing methods are informed by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology is also a small, but growing influence. Cheap Posters Market research underpins these activities. Cheap Posters Through advertising, it is also related to many of the creative arts. Marketing is a wide and heavily Cheap Car Leasing interconnected subject with extensive publications. It is also an area of activity infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture. Many companies today have a customer focus Cheap Posters (or customer orientation). This implies that the company focuses its activities and products on consumer demands. Generally there are three ways of doing this: the customer-driven approach, Cheap Posters the sense of Cheap Posters identifying market changes and the product innovation approach.	In Cheap Posters the consumer-driven approach, consumer wants are the drivers of all strategic marketing decisions. No Cheap Posters strategy is pursued until it Cheap Posters passes the test of consumer research. Every aspect of a market offering, including the nature of the product itself, is driven by the needs of Cheap Posters potential consumers. The starting point is always the consumer. The rationale for this approach Cheap Posters is that there is no point spending R&D funds developing products that people Cheap Posters will not buy. History Cheap Posters attests to many products that were commercial failures in spite Cheap Posters of being technological breakthroughs. A formal approach to this customer-focused marketing is known as SIVA[3] (Solution, Information, Value, Cheap Posters Access). This system is basically the four Ps renamed and reworded to Cheap Bodybuilding Supplements provide a customer focus. The SIVA Model Cheap Posters provides a demand/customer centric version alternative to the well-known 4Ps supply side model (product, price, place, promotion) of marketing management. In a product innovation approach, the company pursues product innovation, then tries to develop a market for the product. Product Cheap Cd S innovation drives the process and Cheap Posters marketing research is conducted primarily to ensure that a profitable market segment(s) exists for the Cheap Posters innovation. The Cheap Posters rationale is that Cheap Posters customers may Cheap Posters not know what options will be available to them in the future so we should not expect them to tell us what Cheap Posters they will buy in the future. However, marketers can aggressively over-pursue product innovation and try to Cheap Posters overcapitalize Cheap Posters on a niche. When pursuing a product innovation approach, marketers must ensure that they have a varied and multi-tiered approach to product Cheap Posters innovation. It is Cheap Posters claimed that if Thomas Edison depended on Cheap Posters marketing research Cheap Posters he would have produced larger candles Cheap Posters rather than inventing light bulbs. Many firms, Cheap Posters such as research and development focused companies, successfully focus on product Cheap Posters innovation (Such as Nintendo who constantly Cheap Posters change the way Video games are played). Cheap Posters Many purists doubt whether this is really a form of marketing orientation at all, because of Cheap Atvs the ex post Cheap Posters status of consumer research. Some even question Cheap Posters whether it is marketing. Cheap Posters