Augustine to Galileo: The History of Science, A.D. 400-1650

13th century Adelard of Bath Albert of Saxony Albertus Magnus anatomy animals Arabic Aristotelian Aristotle Aristotle's arteries astronomical atoms attempt attributed Avicenna blood cause celestial centre century B.C. clock colours conception Copernicus Descartes described developed dissection early earth effect example experimental experiments explain fact falling bodies Galen Galileo gave geometrical Gerard of Cremona given gravity Greek Grosseteste Guy de Chauliac heat held herbal idea impetus improvements induction instruments invented Jordanus Nemorarius knowledge known later Latin Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci magnet mathematical mechanical medicine medieval metals method Middle Ages motion moved movement natural science Nicholas of Cusa object observed Ockham optics Oresme phenomena philosophers physical plants possible practical principle problems produced projectile recognised refraction Roger Bacon rotation scientific showed sphere stars substance theory things tion translation treatise universe velocity ventricle weight wheel writers