Augustine to Galileo: The History of Science, A.D. 400-1650

13th century Adelard of Bath Albertus Magnus anatomy animals Arabic Aristotelian Aristotle Aristotle's arteries arts astrolabe astronomical attributed Averroës Avicenna blood cause celestial celestial sphere centre century B.C. clock colours conception Copernicus Descartes described descriptions developed dissection early earth effect eggs elements encyclopædias example experimental experiments explain fact Galen Galileo gave geometrical Gerard of Cremona given gravity Greek Grosseteste Guy de Chauliac heat heavenly bodies held herbal idea impetus instruments interest invented Jordanus Jordanus Nemorarius knowledge known later Latin Leonardo magnet mathematical mechanical medicine medieval metals method Middle Ages motion moved movement natural science Nicholas of Cusa observed optics phenomena philosophers physical plants practical principle problems produced rainbow rays recognised refraction Roger Bacon rotation scientific showed species sphere stars substance theory things tion translation treatise universe velocity ventricle weight Western Christendom writers